Nature covers Zimbabwe’s mountains, forests, savannas, rivers, wetlands, wildlife and natural resources. Protected landscapes cover about 5 million hectares, roughly 13% of the country’s land. Wildlife conservation and community-based management are major parts of this system, while fishing, forest use, development projects and wildlife trade can require permits and environmental controls. Surroundings concern the environmental conditions around homes, workplaces and public spaces. Water access, waste collection, air and noise controls, wetland protection, public safety and infrastructure can differ sharply between places. The Constitution recognizes a right to an environment that is not harmful to health or well-being, together with access to environmental information, participation in significant environmental decisions and access to justice. The Environmental Management Agency, the Zimbabwe National Water Authority, local authorities and other public bodies have different responsibilities. In the 2022 census, 27.1% of households had piped drinking water, while 25.9% relied on boreholes and 25.5% on protected wells or springs.
Environment in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe’s environment includes natural ecosystems and the conditions that shape daily life, such as water, waste, air quality and local infrastructure. Protected landscapes, wildlife, forests, rivers and wetlands require different forms of management and permission. Environmental responsibilities are shared among national agencies, local authorities and communities.
Tip
Check the local water source, waste arrangements and nearby wetlands before choosing or using a property. Treat activities involving wildlife, forests, fishing or development as regulated until the responsible authority confirms the requirements. Raise environmental concerns early, while information, public participation and formal remedies can still influence the outcome.