Mutemo webasa muZimbabwe

Hukama hwebasa hunogona kubva pachibvumirano chakanyorwa, chemuromo kana chinoratidzwa nemaitiro. Basa parinotanga, mushandirwi anofanira kupa mashoko akanyorwa ezita remushandirwi, nguva, probation, employment code inoshanda, mubhadharo nenguva yokubhadhara, mabhenefiti ekurwara nepamuviri, maawa, mabhonasi kana zvinokurudzira, vacation leave nemamwe mabhenefiti. Kana chibvumirano chisina nguva, chinowanzotorwa sechisingaperi. Basa renguva pfupi rinoenderera kupfuura mavhiki matanhatu mukati memwedzi mina rinova risingaperi; kushandurwa kwebasa renguva yakatarwa kana basa chairo kunoenderana nenguva yebasa inoenderera yakaiswa neEmployment Council kana Minister. Probation haiwanzopfuuri mwedzi mitatu; pabasa renguva pfupi kana remwaka inogumira pazuva rimwe. Ziviso panguva yeprobation mavhiki maviri, kana vhiki rimwe pabasa renguva pfupi kana remwaka. Mushandirwi haagoni kugumisa basa risingaperi pasina chikonzero chinobvumirwa nemutemo kana chibvumirano. Anogona kugumisa nechibvumirano chakanyorwa chekubvumirana kana kutyorwa kwemutemo wakanyorwa kana unonzwisiswa, mushure mekuongorora kwakakodzera kunodiwa neemployment code kana nzira yakabvumiranwa. Nguva dzeziviso dzebasa risingaperi: mwedzi mitatu mushure memakore maviri kana kupfuura, mwedzi miviri mushure megore rimwe asi risati rasvika maviri, mwedzi mumwe mushure memwedzi mitanhatu asi isati yasvika gumi nemiviri, mavhiki maviri mushure memwedzi mitatu asi isati yasvika mitanhatu, uye zuva rimwe kana basa risati rasvika mwedzi mitatu, kusanganisira renguva pfupi kana remwaka. Mushandi anogona kusiya basa kana kuenda pamudyandigere. Kupera kwechibvumirano chenguva yakatarwa, kupera kwebasa chairo uye retrenchment zvine mitemo yakasiyana. Kana mushandirwi akapa pekugara, mushandi haagoni kumanikidzwa kubva kusvikira mwedzi mumwe wapfuura mushure mekupera kwenguva yeziviso. Retrenchment inoda ziviso yakanyorwa kuworks council kana Employment Council, Retrenchment Board nemushandi. Board inofanira kupa chitupa chayo mukati memazuva 14, uye mushandirwi anofanira kuzivisa Board pasati papfuura mazuva 14 mushure meretrenchment. SI 191/2024 inoisa muripo mushoma wemwedzi mumwe wemuhoro pagore rakapedzwa rebasa, nechikamu chakaenzana nenguva pfupi; mapato anogona kubvumirana pamuripo uri nani. Board kana Employment Council inofanira kugadzirisa nyaya mukati memazuva 30, uye kukwidza kuLabour Court kunowanzova nemuganhu wemazuva 21. Mushandirwi anotaura kusakwanisa kwebasa anofanira kupa 25% yemuripo mberi uye humbowo hunotsigira. Kusabhadhara nekunyengera kana kusangwarira kwakanyanya kunogona kuita kuti munhu azvidavirire ega. Zimbabwe haina humbowo hwehurongwa humwe hwemuhoro mushoma wenyika hunofukidza vashandi vose. Mihoro nemamiriro akawanda ebasa zvinonyanya kutemwa neEmployment Council yeindasitiri kana bhizinesi kana CBA yakanyoreswa, inosunga chikamu chayo. Minister anogona kubudisa zviziviso zvemuhoro mushoma kumapoka asina Employment Council. Gwaro reCabinet ra2026 rakashuma US$270 kumabasa asina kuiswa muchikamu, inobhadharwa nemari yemuno; asi gwaro rinoita kuti ishande nemitemo yezvikamu zvazvino zvinofanira kutariswa. Maawa, overtime, basa rehusiku, mashifiti, zororo nekuchengeteka zvinogonawo kusiyana nemutemo wechikamu, chibvumirano kana CBA. Vashandi vanowanzowana maawa 24 akatevedzana ezororo revhiki. Zororo reruzhinji rinowanzoreva kusashanda nemubhadharo wakakodzera; kana basa rakabvumiranwa pazuva iroro, rinobhadharwa kanenge kaviri. Vacation leave inoungana pamwedzi mumwe chete pagore rebasa rinokodzera, kusvika mazuva 90. Special leave ine mubhadharo wakazara inogona kusvika mazuva 12 pagore panyaya dzakatarwa dzakadai sechirwere chinotapurirana, kuenda kudare, mabasa emubatanidzwa wevashandi, kusungwa nemapurisa, kufirwa nezvikonzero zvetsitsi. Sick leave yakasimbiswa nachiremba inowanzopa mazuva 90 nemubhadharo wakazara uye mamwe 90 nehafu yemubhadharo mugore rimwe. Maternity leave inopa mazuva 98 nemubhadharo wakazara; zvinodiwa zvekushanda gore rimwe nemuganhu wenguva nhatu zvakabviswa muna 2023. Prenatal leave inogona kutanga pakati pemazuva 45 ne21 asati asununguka. Mushandi ari kuyamwisa anowana awa rimwe kana nguva mbiri dzemaminitsi 30 pazuva rebasa kwemwedzi inosvika mitanhatu. POBS yeNSSA inowanzoda kuti mushandirwi nomushandi vape 4.5% mumwe nomumwe pamari inishuwarenzi inosvika pamuganhu wazvino weUSD 700, unogona kuchinja kota yega yega. Kunyoresa nemipiro zvinotanga kana muhoro wabhadharwa. Accident Prevention and Workers' Compensation Scheme inobhadharwa nemushandirwi uye inobata kukuvara pabasa nekuremara kunokonzerwa nebasa. Inowanzobata vashandi vepamutemo vane makore anodarika 16, kana basa rakanyorwa kana rinongonzwisiswa uye kunyange mushandirwi asina kunyoreswa. Vashandi vehurumende havapindi muchirongwa ichi; vashandi vemumba, vagari vekunze vasiri vagari uye vamiriri vedzimwe nyika vasiri vagari veZimbabwe vangasiiwa maererano nehurongwa hweNSSA. Mushure metsaona, mushandirwi anofanira kupa rubatsiro rwekutanga pakarepo, kuronga kuendeswa kunorapwa uye kuzivisa NSSA. Mutemo unorambidza basa rokumanikidzwa nerusarura pazvikonzero zvakachengetedzwa uye unoda mubhadharo wakaenzana wevarume nevakadzi vanoita basa rakaenzana kukosha. Mhirizhonga nokushungurudzwa zvinorambidzwa kubasa uye munzvimbo dzine chokuita nebasa dzinosanganisira kubhadhara, zororo, kudya, hutsanana, kufamba, kudzidziswa, zviitiko, ICT nepekugara pemushandirwi, pamwe chete nerwendo rwokuenda kana kudzoka. Kushungurudzwa pabonde iunfair labour practice. Kupinzwa pabasa kwevari pasi pemakore 16 kunorambidzwa; vane 16 kusvika pasi pe18 vanogona kudzidzira nekuita basa risina njodzi asi havabvumirwi kuita rine njodzi. Vashandirwi vane mabasa ehutano nekuchengeteka pabasa; vashandi vanofanira kushandisa midziyo yekudzivirira inodiwa. Dziviriro yeLabour Act, kusanganisira ine chokuita nekuremara neHIV, inogona kushanda kunyange basa risina kunyoreswa zviri pamutemo, asi mushonga unowanikwa unoenderana nezviri kuitika. Masangano evashandi nevashandirwi akanyoreswa, workers committee nema works council ane kumiririrwa kwakaenzana zvinomiririra vashandi. Employment Councils dzinogona kuva dzokuzvidira kana dziri pamutemo uye dzinoshandisa hurongwa hwokuvhota hwevashandirwi nevashandi. CBA inofanira kunyoreswa kunaRegistrar of Labour; Minister anogona kuramba kunyoresa kana ichipesana neAct kana neruzhinji. Kana yanyoreswa, inosunga chikamu kana bhizinesi rayo; kusatevedzera kungava unfair labour practice. Masangano evashandi nevashandirwi ane mabasa okunyoresa, kupa nhengo dzegore negore uye kubudisa mashoko emari. Zororo redzidzo rinobhadharwa rinoenderana neCBA inoshanda. Kusawirirana kwebasa kana unfair labour practice kunowanzotanga kuDesignated Agent, Employment Council kana Labour Officer. Conciliation inogona kuburitsa chitupa chechibvumirano chinogona kunyoreswa nekumanikidzwa sedare redzimhosva. Kana pasina kugadziriswa mukati memazuva 30, Labour Officer kana rimwe sangano rine mvumo rinogona kupa chitupa chokuti nyaya haina kugadziriswa, zvichienderana nekuwedzerwa kwenguva kwakabvumiranwa. Kusawirirana kwezvido mumabasa anokosha kunoda compulsory arbitration; kusawirirana kwekodzero kunogonawo kuendeswa ikoko. Mapato anogona kusarudza voluntary arbitration nekubvumirana; kana zvisina kudaro Labour Court inobata zvikumbiro, kukwidzwa nekuongororazve uye inogona kupa muripo, mihoro yapfuura kana mumwe murayiro wakakodzera. Nyaya yechirango iri pasi peemployment code yakanyoreswa inowanzofanira kuendeswa kuLabour Officer mukati memazuva 30 kubva pakupedzwa kwemaitiro. Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare, Registrar of Labour, Labour Officer, Employment Council, Designated Agent, Retrenchment Board, Labour Court neNSSA vane mabasa akasiyana; tarisa chibvumirano, code, mutemo wechikamu, zuva rokupedzisira nemari zvinoenderana nebasa racho.