School in United States

The United States school system is mainly organized by states and local school districts rather than by one national school authority. A school district usually manages public schools in a defined community. K–12 means the school years from kindergarten through grade twelve. Elementary school usually serves younger children, middle school or junior high serves early teenagers, and high school prepares students for graduation and adult life. Public schools are funded through public sources and generally serve children who live in the district. Private schools are independently operated and may have their own admissions, curriculum, and religious or educational focus. Charter schools are publicly funded schools that operate under a special agreement called a charter. Homeschooling means that families provide education outside a regular school building while following the requirements that apply in their state or locality. Schools teach core subjects such as English language arts, mathematics, science, and social studies. They may also offer arts, music, physical education, technology, world languages, career courses, sports, clubs, and student support services. A typical school year includes enrollment, daily classes, assignments, tests or projects, teacher feedback, report cards, and movement to the next grade. High school students usually complete required credits before receiving a diploma. Families often communicate with teachers, counselors, principals, and district offices. Students with qualifying disabilities may receive an individualized education program, commonly called an IEP, or other formal support. The system offers broad access and many choices, but quality, resources, transportation, course offerings, and rules can differ greatly between districts and states. Families should learn the local enrollment process, calendar, attendance expectations, transportation options, and available support.