I-Early Childhood Care, Development and Education (ECCDE) ihlanganisa izikole zasenkulisa zomphakathi nezizimele, ngokuvamile ezezingane ezineminyaka engaba ngu-3 kuya kwengu-5. IGrade 0 ngokuvamile ngeyezingane ezineminyaka engu-5 kuya kwengu-6 futhi inikeza unyaka owodwa wokuzilungiselela isikole njengengxenye yendlela yemfundo yamabanga aphansi. Ukunakekelwa kwezingane ezineminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-3 ikakhulukazi kunikeza ukunakekelwa; kubalwa emfundweni yesikole kuphela uma kunomsebenzi wezemfundo owaziwayo. Imfundo yamabanga aphansi isukela kuGrade 0 kuya kuGrade 7. Ukufunda okuyisisekelo kuhlanganisa amaGrade 0–2, isigaba esimaphakathi samabanga aphansi sihlanganisa amaGrade 3–4, kanti isigaba esiphezulu samabanga aphansi sihlanganisa amaGrade 5–7. Imfundo yamabanga aphansi yesibili iqhubeka kuze kufike kumaFomu 1–3 iminyaka emithathu. Imfundo yamabanga aphezulu ngokuvamile ihlanganisa amaFomu 4–5, kanti iFomu 6 itholakala kwezinye izikole noma izindlela. I-Eswatini Primary Certificate (EPC) imaka ukuhlolwa kwesigaba samabanga aphansi; i-Junior Certificate (JC) ilandela iFomu 3; kanti i-Eswatini General Certificate of Secondary Education (EGCSE) ivame ukutholwa ngemva kweFomu 5. I-Eswatini Prevocational Certificate of Secondary Education (EPCSE) ingenye indlela yokuhlolwa kwemfundo yamabanga aphezulu. I-ECESWA, i-Examinations Council of Eswatini, yenza izivivinyo zikazwelonke futhi ikhiphe lezi zitifiketi. Izikole zingaba ezikahulumeni, ezemishini, ezomphakathi, ezisizwa uhulumeni, ezizimele, ezemfundo ekhethekile noma ezemodeli yokufundisa ehlanganisayo. I-Eswatini ayisebenzisi izigaba zezikole zaseJalimane ezifana ne-Hauptschule, i-Realschule noma i-Gymnasium. Indawo yesikole samabanga aphansi ngokuvamile iqala cishe eminyakeni engu-6. Ukwamukelwa kuGrade 1 kulandela imithetho yoMnyango Wezemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa (MoET) ne-Free Primary Education (FPE). Umyalelo omdala we-MoET wokwamukelwa wawucela isitifiketi sokuzalwa ne-PIN, kodwa izimfuneko zamanje zesikole noma zesifunda kufanele ziqinisekiswe. Ukungena esikoleni samabanga aphezulu kuncike emiphumeleni nasekuphumeni kweFomu 3, ngakho ukuqeda isigaba samabanga aphansi esibili akuqinisekisi ngokuzenzakalelayo indawo yeFomu 4. Umgomo wenqubomgomo uhlose ukuthi imfundo yamabanga aphezulu itholakale ebangeni elingamakhilomitha angu-7, kodwa lesi akusona isiqinisekiso somuntu ngamunye. I-National Curriculum Framework isebenzisa ukufunda okusekelwe emakhonweni. AmaGrade 0–2 angasebenzisa isiSwati noma isiNgisi, kanti isiNgisi siba ulimi lokufundisa kusukela kuGrade 5 futhi sisetshenziswa kuze kufike kumaFomu 1–5 noma ku-6. Imikhakha yokufunda ihlanganisa isiSwati noma i-Swazi Sign Language, isiNgisi, iMathematics, iScience, iSocial Studies, iAgriculture, iReligious Education, i-ICT, iHealth and Well-being, iDesign and Technology, ukufunda umsebenzi noma ukufunda umsebenzi wangaphambi kokuqeqeshwa, iFashion and Fabrics, iFood and Nutrition neBusiness. I-NCC ixhumanisa ukwakhiwa kwekharikhulamu, izinto zokufunda nomsebenzi wokuhlola ohambisana nakho. AmaGrade 0–2 asebenzisa ukubuka nama-rubric esikhundleni sokuhlolwa okusemthethweni konyaka. Ukuhlola kwamuva kuhlanganisa umsebenzi wokufunda oqhubekayo nowokuphetha. Izilinganiso ezibikiwe zihlanganisa izingxenye zemfundo nezokusebenza ezingu-50/50 no-70/30 kumaGrade 3–4, 30/70 no-50/50 kumaGrade 5–7, 30/70 no-50/50 kumaFomu 1–3, kanye no-30/70 womsebenzi wezifundo nowo-40/60 womsebenzi wangaphambi kokuqeqeshwa emaFomu 4–5. Izikole zikhipha imibiko yethemu, kuyilapho i-ECESWA ilawula izivivinyo zikazwelonke nezitifiketi. I-LSCA isesigabeni sokuhlolwa, kanti i-IGCSE iyindlela yamazwe ngamazwe eyengeziwe kunokuba ibe yindlela kazwelonke eyinhloko. Imfundo yomphakathi yamabanga aphansi ixhaswa nge-FPE, okuhlanganisa izibonelelo ze-capitation nosizo oluhleliwe lokufundisa, lokufunda nolwezincwadi. Imindeni ingase iqhubeke nokukhokhela umfaniswano, ezinye izinto nezindleko zesikole. I-ECCDE ivame ukuphathwa umphakathi noma abahlinzeki abazimele futhi ingakhokhisa izimali noma ibe nezinsiza ezilinganiselwe. Amalungiselelo ezimali zamabanga aphezulu awafani: isitatimende sesabelomali sango-2023 sachaza ukuthi uhulumeni ukhokhela izimali zabakwa-Emaswati, kodwa umbiko we-MoET wango-2024 wawusakhomba izimali zesikole njengesizathu sokuyeka nokudingeka komthetho oqinile. Ngakho-ke imali ekhokhwayo ngempela kufanele iqinisekiswe nesikole noma neHhovisi Lezemfundo Lesifunda. Ukwesekwa kungahlanganisa ukudla esikoleni, izinsiza zezempilo zesikole, izibonelelo zezingane eziyizintandane nezisengozini, kanye ne-Guidance and Psychological Services. I-Special Educational Needs Unit isekela imfundo ehlanganisayo nezikole zemfundo ekhethekile, kuhlanganise ne-Braille, ukuqondiswa nokuhamba, amakhono okuphila kwansuku zonke nengqalasizinda elungisiwe. I-MoET ibeka inqubomgomo kazwelonke, ibhalisa futhi ihlole izikole, yengamele uxhaso namazinga, futhi isebenza ngamaHhovisi Ezemfundo Ezifunda. Amakomiti ezikole, abazali nemiphakathi bayabamba iqhaza ezindabeni zesikole sendawo. I-Teaching Service Commission ilawula imisebenzi efanele yothisha. Ukufinyelela emfundweni yamabanga aphansi kucishe kufinyelele kubo bonke, kanti izinga elibikiwe lokudlulela kusuka emabangeni aphansi kuya kwangaphansi kwesibili lalingaba ngu-92%. Ngo-2024, amazinga okubhaliswa kwe-gross abikiwe ayengu-115.7% emabangeni aphansi, u-96.3% emabangeni aphansi esibili no-82.8% emabangeni aphezulu esibili; amazinga okuqeda isikole abikiwe ayecishe abe ngu-97.8%, 70% no-62.2%. Lezi zibalo zibonisa ukuthi ukufinyelela emabangeni aphansi kungcono kunasezigabeni zakamuva. Ukuphinda amaFomu 2 no-4, izindleko, umehluko phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni nobuthakathaka bokufunda okuyisisekelo nokubala kuyaqhubeka kuthinta inqubekelaphambili.
Isikole e-Eswatini
Imfundo yesikole e-Eswatini isukela ezinhlelweni zobuntwana naseGrade 0 iye esikoleni samabanga aphansi naphezulu. Imfundo yamabanga aphansi ihlanganisa iGrade 0 kuya kuGrade 7, kulandelwe amaFomu 1–3 namaFomu 4–5, kanti iFomu 6 itholakala kwezinye izindlela. Inqubomgomo kazwelonke ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngemfundo eyisisekelo yamahhala neyimpoqo, kodwa izimali zamabanga aphezulu, izindawo zesikole, izindleko zemizi nokufinyelela kwasemaphandleni kusathinta ukuya esikoleni.
Tip
Khetha indlela yesikole ehambisana neminyaka yomfundi, ibanga aliqedile nesitifiketi asihlosile, bese uqinisekisa indawo etholakalayo ngaphambi kokuncika ekudluliseleni esigabeni esilandelayo. Izingozi ezisebenzayo eziyinhloko yizimfuneko zokwamukelwa ezingakaqinisekiswa, izindleko zasekhaya ezingalindelekile, ukufinyelela okulinganiselwe emabangeni aphezulu nokubambezeleka kokwesekwa kwezidingo zokufunda noma zokukhubazeka. Gcina ulwazi olubhaliwe oluvela esikoleni noma eHhovisi Lezemfundo Lesifunda ukuze ukwamukelwa, izinkokhelo nenqubekelaphambili kuqinisekiswe.