E-Eswatini asikho isikhungo esisodwa esibhekele zonke izigaba zempilo. I-Department of Social Welfare, i-National Children Services Department, uMnyango Wezemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa, izinsiza zentsha nezabasebenzi, i-Home Affairs, Izinkantolo Zezingane, i-National Advisory Council for Persons with Disabilities, i-Tinkhundla ne-Imiphakatsi zibhekele izidingo ezahlukene. Ama-Imiphakatsi ayizindawo zobukhosi, kanti ama-Tinkhundla ayizigaba zokuphatha zendawo nezokufinyelela ezinsizeni. Imininingwane yokuhlela ikhombisa ukuthi iningi labantu lisha. Isilinganiso esimaphakathi sika-2026 sibikezela abantu abangu-1,232,154, kuhlanganise nabangu-419,178 abaneminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-14, abangu-442,881 abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-34 nabangu-96,181 abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu. Amanani esamba sabantu namaphesenti obudala ashicilelwe ayahluka ngomthombo, ngakho izibalo kufanele zixhunyaniswe nonyaka nedathasethi yazo. Ngokomthetho, ubuntwana busho ukuba ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-18. Abazali nababheki banomsebenzi wokunikeza ukunakekelwa, izidingo eziyisisekelo nokukhuliswa ngendlela efanele, kuyilapho izingane zivikelekile ekuhlukunyezweni, ekusetshenzisweni ngokweqile, emsebenzini oyingozi nasodlameni. Inqubomgomo kahulumeni ithi ukunakekelwa, ukuthuthukiswa nemfundo yobuntwana, okufushaniswa ngo-ECCDE, kuhlanganisa iminyaka engu-0 kuya kwengu-8. I-Neighbourhood Care Points, noma ama-NCP, yizinsiza zomphakathi ikakhulukazi zezingane ezisukela ezinyangeni ezingaba yisithupha kuya eminyakeni eyisithupha, ezihlinzeka ngokudla, ukufunda okungahlelekile, ukuzilibazisa, ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo nokwesekwa ngokwengqondo nangokomphakathi. Ukufinyelela kuzo kuncike kakhulu emandleni omphakathi wendawo futhi kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ezinganeni eziyizintandane nezisengozini. Ukubhaliswa kokuzalwa kuyisinyathelo esikhulu sokufinyelela kwezinye izinsiza. Kubikwa ukuthi cishe u-54% wezingane unesitifiketi sokuzalwa; ukufinyelela kuphansi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni ngenxa yebanga, ulwazi olulinganiselwe nezithiyo zenqubo. Ukubhalisa zingakapheli izinyanga ezintathu zizelwe kumahhala; ukubhalisa sekwephuzile kuyakhokhelwa. Isitifiketi sokuzalwa singadingeka ezivivinyweni zikazwelonke, esibonelelweni semfundo sezingane eziyizintandane nezisengozini, nasosekelo lwe-Free Primary Education Fund. Imfundo yomphakathi yamabanga aphansi kusukela kuGrade 1 kuya kuGrade 7 imahhala futhi iyimpoqo. Inqubomgomo kahulumeni ichaza imfundo eyisisekelo njengefika kuGrade 10 futhi ibeka imfundo eyisisekelo yamahhala neyimpoqo njengomgomo, kodwa imfundo yamabanga aphezulu ngokuvamile ayimahhala futhi ayiphoqelekile. Ngemva kwesikole, abantu bangangena emfundweni yamabanga aphezulu, emfundweni yezobuchwepheshe neyokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, emfundweni engahlelekile noma yabantu abadala, noma ekufundeni impilo yonke. Imfundo yezobuchwepheshe neyokuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi ihlanganisa izindlela zamakhono ezisemthethweni, ezingahlelekile nezingekho emthethweni, ukungena nokuphuma okuguquguqukayo, ukuqashelwa kokufunda kwangaphambilini nezinhlelo zokufundela umsebenzi. Izindlela zokubuyela emfundweni zingasiza ngemva kokuyeka isikole, ukukhulelwa, izibopho zomndeni noma okunye ukuphazamiseka. Inqubomgomo yentsha ihlanganisa abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-35 futhi ihlukanisa amaqembu aneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-19, engu-19 kuya kwengu-24, neyengu-25 noma ngaphezulu. Intsha ingaba sesikoleni noma ingabi kuso, iqale ukusebenza, ibe inhloko yekhaya noma inakekele abazali asebekhulile. Izinguquko eziyinhloko zisuka esikoleni ziye ekuqeqeshweni kwamakhono noma emsebenzini, zisuka ekuncikeni kwabanye ziye ekuphatheni izibopho zasekhaya, zingene nasekubambeni iqhaza kwezomphakathi nakwezomnotho. Ukufinyelela kuhluka kakhulu phakathi kwezindawo zasemadolobheni nezasemaphandleni, kanti ukuqhubeka nokuhlala kwamantombazane esikoleni kungaba buthaka. Imithombo eshicilelwe ibeka ukungasebenzi kwentsha cishe ku-58%, nakuba inani eliqondile lincike emthonjeni wenqubomgomo noma wohlolo lwabasebenzi. I-Eswatini ayinalo uhlelo lokuvikeleka lokungasebenzi olusemhlabeni wonke olubhaliwe, ngakho imfundo, izinsiza zentsha, i-TVET, ukubuyela emfundweni engahlelekile nezinsiza zabasebenzi kusalokhu kuyizindlela ezibalulekile. Izinguquko zokuba umuntu omdala zingahlanganisa umshado, ukwakha umuzi, ukusebenza nokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Imishado yomphakathi neyamasiko ikhona ngokubambisana. I-Marriage Act 1964 okukhulunywa ngayo ibeka iminyaka encane engu-16 kwabesifazane nengu-18 kwabesilisa, idinga imvume yabazali kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-16 kuya kwengu-17, kuyilapho imithetho yokuvikela izingane neyobugebengu bocansi ibheka iminyaka yobudala njengengu-18. Njengoba kuye kwaxoxwa ngezinguquko kodwa kungekho bufakazi obutholakalayo bomthetho omusha owamukelwe kamuva, imithetho esemthethweni yamanje kufanele ihlolwe ngaphambi kokuhlela umshado. Amakhosi, ama-Tindvuna, ama-Bagijimi nezikhulu zemishado bathumela imininingwane yemishado ukuze ibhaliswe zingakapheli izinsuku ezingu-14; ukungayibhalisi kungenza kube nzima ukufakazela ukuthi umshado ukhona. Amalungiselelo okuthatha umhlalaphansi ancike emkhakheni. Imithetho yamaholo nemithetho yabasebenzi bakahulumeni ibeka iminyaka engu-60 njengeminyaka evamile yokuthatha umhlalaphansi. Abasebenzi bakahulumeni bangathatha umhlalaphansi ngokuzithandela kusukela eminyakeni engu-45 ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele; amalungelo empesheni noma esamba semali ancike ohlelweni nasemlandweni womsebenzi. Umthetho owodwa okukhulunywa ngawo wabasebenzi bakahulumeni udinga okungenani iminyaka engu-10 yokusebenza. Alukho usizo olulodwa olumboza zonke izinguquko zokuba umuntu omdala oluqoshiwe. Esigabeni sokuguga, i-Older Persons Grant itholakala kubantu abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu abayizakhamuzi noma abahlala unomphela e-Eswatini, futhi abangatholi esinye isibonelelo somuntu siqu sezenhlalakahle. Izicelo zifakwa nge-Tinkhundla futhi zidinga umazisi kazwelonke nobufakazi bemali engenayo noma izabelo. Le nsiza ibikade imahhala, kanti ukucubungula kubikwe ukuthi kungathatha izinyanga ezingaba zintathu; izinkokhelo bezishintshela emalini yeselula. Izibalo zikahulumeni zokuphela kuka-2025 zathi abazuzi abangu-87,861 bathola u-E600 ngenyanga; umbiko ka-2024/25 wathi abazuzi abangu-85,844 bathola u-E500 ngenyanga. La manani nenani labazuzi kungokwesikhathi esithile. I-Mankayane Old Age Home iyindlela yokuhlala enobufakazi bokuthi ikhona, kodwa akutholakalanga lungelo lokuhlala endaweni enjalo ezweni lonke. Ukuncika ekunakekelweni kuxhaswa yinhlanganisela ehlukene yezinhlelo ezisemthethweni nezomphakathi. I-Persons with Disabilities Act 2018 ihlinzekela ukubhaliswa, i-Disability Card, ukulungiselelwa okufanele, ukuvuselelwa, ukuphila ngokuzimela nokwesekwa kwasekhaya, komphakathi noma kwesikhungo nge-National Advisory Council for Persons with Disabilities. Kubikwe ukuthi i-Disability Grant yoMnyango Wezenhlalakahle ibingu-E450 ngenyanga kubazuzi abangu-17,193 ekupheleni kuka-2025. Ukunakekelwa yizihlobo, ama-NCP, amavolontiya omphakathi nokwesekwa kwasekhaya nakho kuvala izikhala. Alukho uhlelo lomshwalense wokunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside olusebenza kubo bonke, isibonelelo esijwayelekile sabanakekeli noma uhlelo lukazwelonke oluqondile lokufaneleka olubhaliwe, futhi ukufinyelela kuyehluka ngesifunda nezinsiza ezikhona. Izimo ezinzima zingaphazamisa noma yiluphi ushintsho lwempilo ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa, ukunganakwa, udlame, ukushushumbiswa kwabantu, ukuqashwa kwezingane, ukuxhashazwa, ukuhlukana komndeni, ukushonelwa, inhlekelele, ukukhubazeka noma ukungasebenzi. Ezinganeni, ukubekwa nezihlobo nomndeni owandisiwe kuyindlela ekhethwayo yokunakekelwa ngenye indlela lapho kuphephile. Ezinye izindlela zihlanganisa ukunakekelwa ngabantu abangabazali bokutholwa, amaphrojekthi okulima emakhaya aphethwe yizingane, ama-NCP, izindlela zokuphambukisa izingane ohlelweni lobulungiswa obujwayelekile nobulungiswa obulungele izingane. Izinkantolo eziqondene nezingane zibikiwe eSiteki, eMbabane naseNhlangano. Ukubika, ukudlulisela ezinsizeni nokuphathwa kwamacala ngosonhlalakahle kusebenzisa izinsiza ezisemthethweni nezakhiwo zomphakathi; i-National Plan of Action ka-2023 kuya ku-2027 iqinisa amaKomiti Obulungiswa Bezingane ezindaweni zobukhosi, amanethiwekhi okuvikela, izindlela zokuphambukisa nokunakekelwa ngezinye izindlela.
Izigaba zempilo e-Eswatini
Izigaba zempilo e-Eswatini zithonywa iminyaka yobudala, imfundo, umsebenzi, izibopho zasekhaya, izidingo zokunakekelwa nokufinyelela ekwesekweni komphakathi noma kukahulumeni. Ubuntwana ngokuvamile buhlanganisa abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18, inqubomgomo yentsha ihlanganisa abaneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-35, kanti umuntu omdala uthathwa njengomuntu oneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu. Izinguquko ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukubhaliswa kokuzalwa, ukunakekelwa kwasekuqaleni, isikole, ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, ukuqashwa, ukwakha umndeni, ukuthatha umhlalaphansi nokwesekwa kwasebudaleni. Ubumpofu, ibanga lasemaphandleni, ukukhubazeka, ukuba yintandane, ukukhulelwa, ukungasebenzi nokuhlukana komndeni kungaphazamisa lezi zinguquko.
Tip
Hlela izigaba zempilo e-Eswatini njengochungechunge lokuqinisekisa ukufinyelela: qala ngokuqinisekisa ukubhaliswa kokuzalwa, bese ugcina indlela esebenzayo eya esikoleni noma ekuqeqeshweni kwamakhono, emsebenzini nasekushintsheni kwemizi, bese kuba ukwesekwa kwasebudaleni noma kokunakekelwa. Beka kuqala izithiyo ezingavimba izinsiza eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ikakhulukazi ukungabi namaphepha, ibanga lasemaphandleni, ukuphazamiseka kwemfundo, ukukhubazeka, ukuba yintandane nokuhlukana komndeni. Qinisekisa ukufaneleka kwamanje, amanani ezinkokhelo nendawo yokufinyelela enesibopho ngaphambi kokuncika esibonelelweni noma elungiselelweni elisemthethweni.