Ezokuxhumana eSwatini

Ukuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini kuyindlela evamile eyinhloko eSwatini. Izwe linezinkampani ezintathu zomakhalekhukhwini ezinamalayisensi: i-Eswatini Mobile, i-EPTC ne-MTN. Ngonyaka wezimali ka-2023/24, ukubhaliswa komakhalekhukhwini kwafinyelela ku-1,576,465, ukusabalala kwenethiwekhi yomakhalekhukhwini kwafinyelela ku-98%, kanti ukubhaliswa kwe-broadband yomakhalekhukhwini kwafinyelela ku-1,473,487. Ukubhaliswa kwezingcingo zasendlini kwakuphansi kakhulu, kungu-24,066, ngakho inombolo yomakhalekhukhwini ivame ukuba yindlela ewusizo kakhulu yokuxhumana nomuntu, inkampani noma isikhungo somphakathi. Uxhumano lomakhalekhukhwini lungasekela izingcingo, i-SMS, izinsiza zedatha nemisebenzi eminingi ye-inthanethi, kodwa ikhwalithi nokutholakala kwesevisi kusahlukahluka ngendawo, idivayisi nomhlinzeki. Wonke amakhadi e-SIM kufanele abhaliswe. Ikhasimende lesizwe livame ukusebenzisa umazisi, kanti ikhasimende langaphandle lisebenzisa ipasipoti esebenzayo noma umazisi waseSwatini. Inkampani noma enye inhlangano esemthethweni ingadinga ubufakazi bokumela nokubhaliswa. Amadivayisi athile okuxhumana nawo angadinga ukuhlolwa kwe-IMEI nokugunyazwa kohlobo nge-Eswatini Communications Commission, eyaziwa nge-ESCCOM. Hlola izimfuneko zamanje zomhlinzeki ngaphambi kokuthenga noma ukudlulisela i-SIM ngoba amadokhumenti nezinqubo zokuqinisekisa zingashintsha. I-ESCCOM ilawula amalayisensi, ikhwalithi yesevisi, izinombolo, ukuvikelwa kwabathengi, izinsiza zeposi nezokuthumela, ukuvikelwa kwedatha nokuphepha kwe-inthanethi. I-Directorate of Communications ithuthukisa inqubomgomo nezeluleko zokulawula ezokusakaza, i-inthanethi, iposi, ezokuxhumana, ukuhweba nge-elekthronikhi nezokuxhumana ngogesi. I-EPTC inikeza izinsiza zikahulumeni zokuxhumana, ezokuthutha nezimali. Lezi zinhlaka zinezindima ezihlukene, ngakho inkinga yesevisi kufanele iqale iye enkampanini ehlinzeke ngayo bese iya kumlawuli obhekele lokho uma ingakaxazululeki. Izinkomba ze-ICT ezilinganiselwe zango-2024 zabeka ucingo lwendawo ku-USD 0.07 ngomzuzu, i-SMS ku-USD 0.02 kanye ne-1 GB yedatha cishe ku-USD 5.82. Amanani angempela ancike kumhlinzeki, ephaketheni, enteleni nasezaphulelweni zamanje, ngakho qinisekisa intela ngaphambi kokuthenga. Abasebenzisi banelungelo lokuthola ulwazi ngekhwalithi, usizo, amanani, izintela, ubude benkontileka nokuyikhansela. Banelungelo lokukhetha isevisi, ukuthola izikweletu ezicacile, ukuthola isixazululo, ukuvikelwa kobumfihlo nokugcina ukufinyelela ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Ushintsho lwenkontileka noma lwesevisi ngokuvamile lungakhanselwa zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-90 ngemva kokusayina ngaphansi kwemithetho yokuvikelwa kwabathengi ye-ESCCOM, kuye ngemigomo esebenzayo. Inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo u-112 inikeza ukufinyelela emaphoyiseni, kuma-ambulensi, ezokuphepha emgwaqweni nasezicishamlilweni. Ukusekela ngezwi, i-SMS, idatha ne-GPS kuyasetshenziswa lapho ubuchwepheshe buvuma, futhi isevisi isebenza amahora angu-24 ngosuku. Izingcingo kufanele zamukelwe ngaphansi kwemizuzwana engu-30. Ukufinyelela ezimweni eziphuthumayo kungahlala kukhona ngisho nalapho isevisi evamile imisiwe noma i-SIM noma idivayisi ivaliwe kancane. Nikeza indawo, uhlobo lwesimo esiphuthumayo nenombolo yokuphinde ushayelwe ngokucacile ngangokunokwenzeka. I-Eswatini Post iyinkampani yeposi egunyaziwe ekhethiwe kuphela futhi inezindawo ezingu-37 ezinezibhokisi zeposi ezingaphezu kuka-41,000. Cishe u-99% wokulethwa kweposi kwenziwa ngamabhokisi eposi noma ngokulanda eposini, kanti cishe u-1% ufika ngqo ekhaya noma ekhelini lebhizinisi. Ukulethwa kweposi akufinyeleli cishe ku-32.73% wabantu. Izinsiza zokuletha umnyango nomnyango, izithunywa, ukulandelela nezaziso ze-SMS noma zohlelo lokusebenza zingaba ezinye izindlela uma kudingeka ukulethwa okuqondile noma isiqinisekiso esisheshayo. Uhlelo lukazwelonke lwamakheli namakhodi eposi lusesephrojekthini yokuthuthukiswa. Amanye amahhovisi eposi anikeza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kodwa ukusabalala kulinganiselwe: cishe u-36% wamahhovisi eposi ahlala njalo ane-inthanethi kanti cishe u-15% anikeza umphakathi ukufinyelela kuyo. Izinkampani zokuthumela izimpahla zidinga ilayisensi, kanti i-ESCCOM igunyaza izinkampani zeposi ezikhethiwe nabahlinzeki bezithunywa bezentengiselwano. Izindinganiso zekhwalithi ezigunyaziwe zingahlolwa. Bika ukusebenza kabi kwezithunywa kumhlinzeki zingakapheli inyanga. Umhlinzeki angaba nesibopho sokulahleka, ukulimala noma ukwebiwa kuze kufike isikhathi sokulethwa, kuye ngemigomo yesevisi nemikhawulo yesibopho. Hlola isimo samanje selayisensi yomhlinzeki, indawo ayilethayo, indlela yokulandelela, imigomo yesinxephezelo nentengo ngaphambi kokuthumela izinto ezibalulekile noma ezidinga ukufika ngesikhathi. Imithetho ye-Electronic Communications Transactions iyawamukela amagama edatha, i-imeyili, i-SMS, amarekhodi e-elekthronikhi, amasignesha e-elekthronikhi nezinsiza zikahulumeni ze-elekthronikhi. Izikhungo zomphakathi zingakhipha noma zamukele amadokhumenti e-elekthronikhi, kodwa ngokuvamile aziphoqelekile ukusebenzisa indlela ye-elekthronikhi kuyo yonke isevisi. I-online.gov.sz inikeza izinsiza ezifana nokusesha nokubhukha amagama ezinkampani, ukubhalisa izinkampani namalayisensi okuhweba noma otshwala. I-gov.sz inikeza ulwazi nezinsiza ezihlanganisa izigameko zempilo, amapasipoti nezimvume, intela nezindaba zezinkampani. Ukuthintana mathupha noma ngocingo kusengadingeka lapho isevisi ingekho ngokuphelele ku-inthanethi noma ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi kulinganiselwe. I-EPTC isebenzisa iNational Contact Centre, kanti i-Eswatini Post inikeza ukukhokha ibhokisi leposi nge-WhatsApp ku-78084000 nosizo lwamakhasimende ku-800 2100. IsiNgisi nesiSwati yizilimi ezisemthethweni zokuxhumana. Umlayezo kufanele uhambisane nolimi oluqondwa ngumamukeli, ikakhulukazi uma uphathelene nenkontileka, ifomu elisemthethweni, udaba lwezempilo noma isikhalo. Umbhalo wedokhumenti esemthethweni nowomthetho ngolimi lwangempela yiwona onquma incazelo, ngakho cela ukucaciselwa ngaphambi kokusayina noma ukuthembela enguqulweni. Kulindeleke ukuhlonipha nokwenza izikhalo zangempela lapho kuxhunyanwa nomthengi, kodwa lokhu akuthathi indawo yesibopho somhlinzeki sokunikeza ulwazi olucacile nenqubo efanele yezikhalo. Ukufinyelela kwezokuxhumana kuhlanganisa ukutholakala, ukukwazi ukukhokhela, ukufinyeleleka nokungabandlululi indawo, ubulili noma ukukhubazeka. Izinhlelo ze-Universal Service and Access Fund zingasekela abantu abakhubazekile, asebekhulile, abathola izibonelelo zomphakathi, izikole, izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme, izibhedlela zikahulumeni nezikhungo zezempilo zomphakathi. Amaphrojekthi afaka iDisability Support Centre, amadokhumenti olimi lwezandla ne-Braille, amadivayisi okusiza nokufinyelela izibonelelo zikahulumeni ngedijithali. Ukuxhumana ngolimi lwezandla lwaseSwatini kuncike ekunakeni okubukwayo, ekubhekaneni ngamehlo nasekushintshaneni ngokulandelana. Awukho umthetho ojwayelekile odinga ukuthi zonke izikhungo zomphakathi zinikeze utolika ngokushesha, ngakho cela enye indlela efinyelelekayo njengokubhala, i-SMS, ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi noma usizo lomuntu ohamba nawe lapho kudingeka. Isikhalo sivame ukuqala kumhlinzeki wesevisi. Ukusisingatha ngaphakathi kufanele kube mahhala, kufinyeleleke futhi kufanele, ngenhloso noma imfuneko yokusixazulula zingakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu. Uma impendulo ingagculisi, ikhasimende lingasebenzisa ifomu lesikhalo le-ESCCOM noma inqubo yokuxazulula izingxabano ngenye indlela; isikhalo se-ESCCOM simahhala. Izikhalo zakamuva ezivamile zihlanganisa ukukhokhiswa kwezimali, izingxabano zenkontileka, ukuphazamiseka kwesevisi, izikhangiso ezingacelwanga nokubhaliswa okuzenzakalelayo kwezinsiza. Ngonyaka wezimali ka-2024/25, izigaba zezikhalo ezibikiwe zazingu-30% zokukhokhiswa, 26% zezingxabano zenkontileka, 15% zokusakaza, 11% zobugebengu be-inthanethi, 11% zezinye izindaba no-7% wokuphazamiseka kwesevisi. Gcina inkontileka, amarisidi, izinombolo zama-akhawunti, imiyalezo, izinsuku nenombolo yereferensi yesikhalo sangaphambili lapho udlulisela udaba esigabeni esiphezulu. I-Data Protection Act 2022 inikeza abantu amalungelo okufinyelela kudatha yabo, ukuqinisekisa ubuwena, ukucela ukulungiswa noma ukususwa, ukufaka isikhalo nokufuna usizo enkantolo. I-ESCCOM isebenza njengeNational Data Protection Agency. Inkampani noma isikhungo esiqoqa imininingwane yomuntu kufanele sichaze injongo, ukuthi ulwazi luyadingeka yini, ukuthi ubani ongase aluthole nokuthi yimaphi amalungelo asebenzayo. Abantu bangaphikisa ukumakethwa okuqondile noma nini. Isicelo sokulungisa kufanele siphendulwe zingakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14. Yabelana ngolwazi oludingekayo kuphela kuleyo sevisi bese usebenzisa indlela yokuzikhipha ohlwini yomhlinzeki noma iziteshi ze-ESCCOM ngemiyalezo ye-elekthronikhi engafuneki. Ukuxhumana nge-inthanethi nakho kudala izingozi zokukhwabanisa, ubuqola nobugebengu be-inthanethi. ISu Lokuphepha Kwe-inthanethi Likazwelonke laseSwatini lihlanganisa u-2022 kuya ku-2027, kanti i-ESCCOM ixhumanisa umsebenzi wokuphepha kwe-inthanethi namaphoyisa, iminyango nezinkampani zokuxhumana ngesikhathi kuhlelwa iNational Cybersecurity Authority. Izingane, abesifazane nabantu abadala bakhonjwa njengamaqembu adinga ukuvikelwa okukhethekile, kanti i-Child Online Safety Guidelines ikhona. Ungavezi amaphasiwedi, amakhodi asetshenziswa kanye noma amadokhumenti obuwena ngomyalezo ongaqinisekisiwe. Qinisekisa izicelo zokukhokha nemininingwane yokuxhumana esemthethweni ngenye indlela ezimele. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lwezokuxhumana eSwatini luvame ukuhlanganisa ukuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini nesinye isiteshi. Sebenzisa ucingo noma i-SMS ukuhlela okuphuthumayo, i-imeyili noma isevisi ye-inthanethi lapho kudingeka irekhodi elingaseshwa, ibhokisi leposi noma izithunywa lapho kudingeka idokhumenti engokoqobo, nokuvakasha mathupha lapho ukuhlolwa kobuwena noma ukungapheleli kokufinyelela kwedijithali kuvimbela ukuqeda umsebenzi ukude. Qinisekisa izintela zamanje, ukusabalala komhlinzeki, amahora okuvula, ukutholakala kwesevisi nemininingwane yokuxhumana ngaphambi kokuthembela kukho.