Musika webasa muZimbabwe

Q2 2025 Quarterly Labour Force Survey (QLFS) yakaverenga vanhu 8,539,402 vezera rokushanda muZimbabwe. Huwandu hwevanhu vari musimba revashandi hwaiva 47.1%, chiyero chevane basa pahuwandu hwevanhu chaiva 37.3%, uye vanhu 833,527 vakanga vasina basa zviri pamutemo. Ongororo yakafukidza mhuri 9,650 munzvimbo 386 dzokuverengera uye yakawana mhinduro kubva ku96.3%. Migumisiro yayo inotsanangura musika webasa wemhuri munyika yose, asi haiyeri shanduko dzose dzenguva pfupi kumakambani epamutemo kana mabasa asiri epamutemo. Pakati pevaiva nemabasa, vanhu 1,140,886 vaiva mumabasa epamutemo, 1,863,695 vaishanda zvisiri pamutemo uye 182,017 vakaverengwa mubasa remhuri rekuzvishandisira kana reboka. Kurima kuchiri hwaro hukuru hwokurarama. Basa riri kutamuka kubva pakurima kuenda kuzvitoro zvine goho rakaderera nemabasa asiri epamutemo, kwete kunyanya kugadzira zvinhu zviri pamutemo kana mabasa ane goho guru. Fungidziro yeWorld Bank inoti basa risiri repamutemo rinenge 80% uye mihoro yepakati yevashandi ava ingangoita USD 130 pamwedzi; asi inoshandisa dudziro yakasiyana neQLFS uye nhamba idzi hadzifaniri kuenzaniswa sedzakaenzana. Vanhu vanopinda mubasa kuburikidza nemihoro yepamutemo, basa rehurumende, makambani akazvimirira, mabhizinesi avo, mabhizinesi emhuri, kurima nebasa remhuri. Kunyorera zvakananga uye hukama hwevanhu zvinowanzo shandiswa, pamwe nehurongwa hwehurumende hweEmployment Services and Promotion uye maagency akazvimirira akanyoreswa. Mabasa epublic employment anopiwa neMinistry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare mahara. Anosanganisira kunyoresa vanotsvaga basa, kuiswa pabasa rakaziviswa, kutsvaga mabasa, kuraira nezvemabasa, ruzivo rwemusika webasa nezvirongwa zvehunyanzvi zvinobatsira kuwana basa kuburikidza nemahofisi ematunhu. Maagency akazvimirira anofanira kunyoresa nekuvandudza kunyoresa gore negore. Mari yekunyorera kana kuongororwa kweagency iUSD 50; mutsvagi haabhadharisi mari yokunyoresa, uye mari yekuisa pabasa haifaniri kudarika 5% yemuhoro wemwedzi wokutanga kumutsvagi uye 20% yemuhoro wegore kumushandirwi. Nguva yokuiswa pabasa inoenderana nebasa nemushandirwi; hapana nguva imwe chete yakasimbiswa. Vechidiki vanosangana nezvipingamupinyi zvikuru pakuwana basa. Kushaikwa kwemabasa kwaiva 39.3% pamakore 15 kusvika 24 uye 28.9% pamakore 15 kusvika 35 muQLFS. Mwero yakawedzerwa yaiva 58.2% ne46.1% pamapoka iwayo. Pavanhu vane makore 15 kusvika 24, 1,267,065 kana 47.6% vakanga vasiri pabasa, kuchikoro kana kudzidziswa. Pamakore 15 kusvika 35 nhamba yacho yaiva 2,244,389 kana 49.25%. Murume kana mukadzi zvinokanganisa kutora chikamu uye rudzi rwebasa rinowanikwa. Census ya2022 yakanyora kuti 32.5% yevane makore 15 zvichikwira vaiita mabasa ehupfumi: 24.2% yevakadzi ne42.0% yevarume. Pakati pevaishingaira mune zveupfumi, 85.2% vaiva nemabasa uye 14.8% vakanga vasina. Vaiva nemabasa vaisanganisira vashandi 59.9%, vanozvishandira 33.9%, vashandirwi 3.0% nevabatsiri vemhuri 3.2%. Mabasa epamba aiva chikonzero chikuru chokuti 48.2% yevakadzi vasaite basa, zvichienzaniswa ne29.3% yevarume. Muna 2025, vakadzi vakaita maawa anenge 3.6 pazuva ebasa repamba risingabhadharwi, varume 1.2; musiyano webasa risina mubhadharo wakashumwa uri 166.9%. Dzidzo yepamusoro inowedzera mukana asi haibvisi kusawirirana pakati pehunyanzvi nebasa. Dzidzo yepamusoro yaiva ne9.5% yevanhu vezera rokushanda, dzidzo yesekondari kana yakaenzana nayo 63.1%. Huwandu hwevanhu vane dzidzo yepamusoro vaiva musimba revashandi hwaiva 76.8%, uye chiyero chevane mabasa pahuwandu hwevanhu chaiva 69.9%; chiyero chevasina kumbopinda chikoro chaiva 12.0%. Vane dzidzo yepamusoro vaiva 56.2% yevakapinzwa mubasa repamutemo muongororo yakapiwa yeQLFS. Mihoro yepakati yakakwira nedzidzo: USD 126.21 kune vasina kumbopinda chikoro, USD 152.25 padzidzo yepuraimari, USD 232.83 yesekondari uye USD 634.40 padzidzo yepamusoro. Mabasa evane dzidzo yepamusoro ainyanya kuwanikwa mudzidzo 80%, mabasa ezvemari neinishuwarenzi 63.9%, uye mabasa ehunyanzvi, sainzi netekinoroji 63.5%. Pamapoka ezvidzidzo, social sciences, bhizinesi nemutemo zvaiva 36.2%; engineering, kugadzira nekuvaka 20.7%; kurima, masango nehove 0.7% yezvidzidzo zvepamusoro. Zvitupa hazviwanzoenderana nebasa riripo. Ongororo yakapiwa yakawana kuti 54% yevanamazvikokota vechikamu chepakati vakanga vasina kudzidziswa kwakakwana, ukuwo 71.8% yevashandi vemabasa ari nyore vaiva nedzidzo yakapfuura zvinodiwa. Basa rebasa nepekutengesa ndiro raiva nekuenderana kukuru kwakashumwa, 81.7%. Nzira dzekudzidzira dzinosanganisira makoreji ekurima, TVET nemacentres ekudzidzira mabasa emaoko, polytechnics, mayunivhesiti, apprenticeship nezvirongwa zvegraduate trainee. Makoreji mapfumbamwe ekurima anopa zvirongwa zvisere zveDiploma ZNQF Level 5 nechitupa chimwe cheLevel 4. Zimbabwe ine nzvimbo 45 dzeTVET nemamwe 25 anotsigira; mabasa emaoko anosanganisira welding, plumbing, kuveza, kugadzira fenicha, kusona, huku nenguruve. Zvirongwa zveapprenticeship zvemakambani ehurumende zvinosanganisira NRZ, ZESA neTelOne. VTC Transformation Strategy ndeya2025 kusvika 2028, uye mari ya2026 yokuvandudza nzvimbo dzekudzidzira mabasa emaoko yaiva ZiG 140.7 miriyoni; mari yeMinistry yevechidiki nebasa remaoko yaiva ZiG 1.7 bhiriyoni. Kuongororwa nekupihwa chitupa chebasa remaoko kunogona kutadzisa vasina GCE O-Level kupinda. Basa repamutemo rinoyerwa zvakasiyana nechikamu chikuru chemusika webasa. Employment Volume Index inobva kuzvinyorwa zvemakambani yaiva 98.89 muQ4 2025, yakaderera ne1.50% kubva pagore rapfuura; index yematunhu yaiva 99.10. Harare yaiva nehuremu 30.50% uye index 102.73; Masvingo 101.71, Mashonaland East 92.36, Midlands 95.72 uye Bulawayo 95.88. Index iyi haisanganisi kana inomiririra zvishoma basa risiri repamutemo, kurima, hove nemasangano ari kunze kwenyika, saka haimiriri huwandu hwose hwemabasa. Earnings Index yakasvika 130.40, yakakwira ne8.75% pagore, asi Real Earnings Index yakadzika kusvika 71.46, yakaderera ne10.65%, zvichiratidza kuti inflation yakakunda kukwira kwemihoro yemazita. Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare inotarisira kuongorora, kuyananisa, kugadzirisa kusawirirana, kudzidzisa nezvemitemo yebasa uye kunyoresa zvibvumirano zvevashandi nemacode. NEC, masangano evashandi nemasangano evashandirwi zvinokanganisawo mitemo yebasa yezvikamu. Labour Amendment Act 2023 inopa mubhadharo wakaenzana webasa rakaenzana kukosha uye inorambidza mhirizhonga nokushungurudzwa pabasa. Kana pasina chibvumirano chechikamu, SI 186/2024 inoisa muhoro mukuru wose weUSD 150 pamwedzi; kurima nebasa repamba hazvibatiwi, uye NEC kana CBA inogona kuisa muganhu wakasiyana wechikamu. Nzira yeretrenchment inosanganisira ziviso yakanyorwa yemazuva 14 kana kupfuura kuworks council kana employment council, Retrenchment Board uye mushandi anokanganiswa. Zimbabwe inyika inotumira nokugamuchira vashandi vanotama. National Labour Migration Policy inokoshesa kutama kwakachengeteka, kwakarongeka uye kuri pamutemo, dziviriro yevashandi, kudzora kutorwa kwevashandi, kuwana social security, mari inotumirwa kumusha uye kuendesa hunyanzvi. Q2 2025 QLFS yakanyora vashandi vakatama 42,632 muZimbabwe. Migration Resource Centres muHarare neBulawayo dzinopa kuraira, rubatsiro rwekutsvaga basa, kugadzirira kuenda, kudzoka nekubatanidzwazve, uye rubatsiro rwekurwisa kutengeswa kwevanhu. Kubuda kwevanhu vane hunyanzvi, kutama kusiri pamutemo, dziviriro isina kusimba uye basa rine kushandiswa kana njodzi zvinoramba zviri njodzi dzakanyorwa. Fungidziro yeWorld Bank yezvinogona kuitika pakugadzirisa magetsi, chokufambisa, kudiridza, mvumo, kutengeserana kwemuganhu, chikwereti, kodzero yevhu, kururamisira kwebhizinesi nekudyara kwakazvimirira inoti zvinogona kutsigira mabasa anosvika 230,000 ekuwedzera panosvika 2040. Iyi ingori fungidziro, kwete mhedzisiro yakavimbiswa. Mikana nemihoro zvinoramba zvichienderana nechiyero chebasa repamutemo nerisiri repamutemo, kudiwa kwechikamu, nzvimbo, zvitupa, murume kana mukadzi, zera uye dziviriro yesangano kana chibvumirano chakakodzera.