Utano muZimbabwe

Ministry of Health and Child Care (MoHCC) inotungamirira mutemo wenyika wezveutano, zvirongwa zvehurumende, kuongorora zvirwere uye kuronga mabasa. Hurumende dzomunzvimbo dzinopa makiriniki emanisiparati nemabasa ehutano hweveruzhinji, uku masangano emamishinari neechitendero, vanopa rubatsiro vakazvimirira nemasangano enharaunda vachiwedzera kuwanikwa kwerubatsiro. Village Health Workers vanotsigira kushanyira vanhu, dzidzo yezveutano, kudzivirira zvirwere uye kutumira varwere, zvikuru panonetsa kuenda kuchipatara nokuda kwedaro kana chokufambisa. Nzira yakajairika yokuwana rubatsiro inogona kutangira kuVillage Health Worker, Rural Health Centre, Polyclinic, kiriniki yemanisiparati, kiriniki yemamishinari kana yakazvimirira. Murwere anogona kuzotumirwa kuDistrict Hospital, Provincial Hospital kana Central Hospital kuti awane kuongororwa kwakaoma, kuvhiyiwa, kutarisirwa kwakanyanya kana kurapwa kwenyanzvi. Zvipatara zvepurovhinzi nezvepakati zvakawanda zviri mumaguta, saka nharaunda dzokumaruwa nediri kure dzinowanzofamba madaro marefu, dzichishaya chokufambisa uye dzichisangana nokusawanikwa kwakaenzana kwemabasa. Mabasa okudzivirira zvirwere anosanganisira majekiseni enguva dzose neokuwedzera, kutarisirwa kwepamuviri nepashure pokusununguka, kuronga mhuri, kudzivirira nekuongorora HIV nezvirwere zvinotapuriranwa pabonde, kuongorora tibhii nemarariya, kuongorora kukura nekudya kwevana, dzidzo yemvura nehutsanana, kuongorora BP neshuga, kuongorora gomarara remuromo wechibereko panowanikwa rubatsiro uye kuona zviratidzo zvehutano hwepfungwa. Majekiseni enguva dzose evana anopiwa pachena kuzvipatara zvehurumende. Kuwanikwa kwebasa nenguva yokuonana nachiremba zvinoenderana nechipatara nechirongwa. Pakurapwa, zvipatara zvinogona kupa rubatsiro rwekunze nerwokurara muchipatara, rubatsiro rwokusunungutsa nekukurumidzira, kuvhiyiwa, kuongorora murabhoritari nemifananidzo, mishonga yeantiretroviral yeHIV, kurapwa kwetibhii, kuongorora nekurapa marariya, kurapa zvirwere zvisingatapuriranwi, hutano hwepfungwa, mazino nemaziso, kudzorera kugona uye rubatsiro rwokurerutsa marwadzo. Chipatara chinogona kusapa basa rose mazuva ose, saka kana zvichibvira varwere vanofanira kufonera kuti vasimbise kuti riripo. Impilo inogona kubatsira kutsvaga zvipatara zvakanyorwa pasina account, asi mashoko aripo nemaawa okushanda anofanira kusimbiswa zvakananga. Mabasa ayo akachengetedzwa anogona kusanganisira zvinyorwa, mhinduro, mishonga yakanyorwa, nguva dzokuonana, kutumirwa kune vamwe vanorapa, vanhu vanovimba newe uye mashoko einishuwarenzi kana muripo mushure mokupinda muaccount; kushandiswa kwedhijitari hakusi kwomunhu wose. Mushure mokubudiswa muchipatara kana kutumirwa kune chimwe, kutevera kunogona kusanganisira mishonga yenguva refu yeHIV, tibhii kana zvirwere zvisingatapuriranwi, kuongororwa kwaamai nevacheche, nguva dzemajekiseni, kudzorerwa kugona, kurapwa kwepfungwa, rubatsiro rwokurerutsa marwadzo kana rubatsiro rwemunharaunda nekumba. Kuenderera mberi kwerubatsiro kunogona kuvhiringidzwa nokushaya mishonga muzvitoro, zvinetso zvechokufambisa, kushomeka kwevashandi uye kunonoka kutumirwa. Zimbabwe yakataura kuti muna 2009 vanhu 83% vaigara mukati memakiromita 10 echipatara, uye mushumo wa2019 wakanyora zvipatara zvehurumende zvinosvika 1.1 pavanhu 10,000; nhamba idzi hadzirevi kuti nharaunda dzose dzine rubatsiro rwakaenzana nhasi. Kana paine dambudziko reutano rinoda kukurumidza, enda kudhipatimendi rokukurumidzira rechipatara chiri pedyo kana kufonera 999 kuti uwane amburenzi, mapurisa kana vanodzima moto. 112 imwe nhamba yechimbichimbi, uye 2019 ndiyo nhare yenyika yemahara yezveutano. Kurwadziwa muchipfuva, kutadza kufema zvakanyanya, zviratidzo zvesitiroko, kubuda ropa kusingamiri, kukuvara kwakakomba kana kupisa muviri kwemucheche, zvinetso zvepamuviri uye kuderera kwekufamba kwefetus zvinoda rubatsiro pakarepo. Manyoka emvura akanyanya anoda oral rehydration solution nerubatsiro musi iwoyo. Munzvimbo dzine marariya, tsvaka kuongororwa mukati memaawa 24 kubva pakutanga kupisa muviri nokuti njodzi yemarariya inosiyana zvikuru nematunhu. Bumbiro reMitemo yeZimbabwe rinopa vagari venyika nevagari vanogaramo zvachose mukana wokuwana hutano hunokosha, kusanganisira hutano hwekubereka, uye rinodzivirira kuwana rubatsiro rwekutanga kwezvirwere zvisingaperi. Hapana munhu anofanira kurambidzwa kurapwa kwechimbichimbi. Varwere vane kodzero yokubvuma kurapwa uye kutora chikamu, kuremekedzwa, kuchengetedzwa kwechakavanzika uye kuwana mashoko akarurama ezveutano; vanofanirawo kupa mashoko echokwadi, kushandira pamwe nevarapi uye kutevera mitemo ine musoro yechipatara. Mari dzenguva dzose, hurongwa hwerubatsiro rwekurapwa, kuregererwa kwemari nemari yemishonga zvinosiyana nemupi webasa uye zvinofanira kusimbiswa kana zvichibvira kurapwa kusiri kwechimbichimbi kusati kwatanga. Mishonga inofanira kuongororwa kuburikidza nemafamasi nevanopa rubatsiro vane marezenisi. Essential Drugs List of Zimbabwe (EDLIZ) nemirayiridzo yezvirongwa zvinotsigira kushandiswa kwemishonga kwakakodzera, uku NATPharm neZimbabwe Automated System for Essential Medicines and Medical Supplies zvichitsigira kugoverwa kwemishonga munyika. Mishonga inogona kupera uye kusakwanisa kuitenga kunogona kuva dambudziko; mishonga isiri yepamutemo kana yekunyepedzera ine dzimwe njodzi. Medicines Control Authority of Zimbabwe (MCAZ) inochengeta mazita emishonga yakatenderwa, nzvimbo dzine marezenisi nenyanzvi uye inoita ongororo. Health Professions Authority (HPA) inonyoresa makanzuru emabasa ezveutano nezvivakwa, uye Medical and Dental Professions Council of Zimbabwe (MDPCZ) inonyoresa vanachiremba navana chiremba vemazino. Hutano hweZimbabwe hunosangana nekushomeka kwevashandi, kusapararira kwavo zvakaenzana, midziyo isina kukwana kana yechinyakare, kunonoka kutenga nekupa mari, kupera kwemishonga, zvipingamupinyi zvokuwana rubatsiro kumaruwa uye kubuda kwekorera, polio nezvimwe zvirwere. Muna 2024, mashoko aitsigirwa neUNICEF akanyora vana 388,859 vakawana DTP3, majekiseni ekorera 2,285,237 uye vana vari pasi pemakore gumi 4,265,483 vakasvikirwa nechirongwa chepolio; chikamu chakataurwa chevana vasina kumbowana jekiseni chaiva 8%, uye pakanga pachine mikaha munzvimbo dziri kure, kumucheto kwemaguta uye munharaunda dzinotama. Fungidziro yegore ra2024 yokufa kwamadzimai pakusununguka yaiva 363 pavana vanoberekwa vari vapenyu 100,000; kufa kwevana vari pasi pemakore mashanu kwaiva 69 pa1,000, kufa kwevacheche vachangoberekwa kwaiva 37 pa1,000 uye kubatsirwa pakusununguka nevashandi vane hunyanzvi kwaiva 85%. Marariya inowanikwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo: mushumo weWHO wa2024 wakavakirwa pamashoko akasimbiswa a2023 wakaisa vanhu 4.7 miriyoni munzvimbo dzine kutapurirana kwakanyanya, 8.2 miriyoni munzvimbo dzine kutapurirana kwakaderera uye 3.5 miriyoni munzvimbo dzisina marariya. Mushumo iwoyo wakanyora zviitiko zvinofungidzirwa kana zvakasimbiswa 248,699, zviitiko zvinofungidzirwa 635,600 uye kufa kunofungidzirwa 1,600. HIV, tibhii, zvirwere zvokufema, zvirwere zvevacheche vachangoberekwa, manyoka, kushaya zvinovaka muviri, tsaona dzomumigwagwa nokuzvikuvadza zvichiri zvinetso zvikuru; nepo zvirwere zvemwoyo, chirwere cheshuga, gomarara, zvirwere zvemapapu zvisingaperi, zvinetso zvemazino nezvido zveutano hwepfungwa zvichiwedzera.