Zimbabwe ine hurongwa hwakagadzwa hweapprenticeship yepamutemo yemabasa etekinoroji nemaindasitiri. Technical and vocational education and training, inowanzonzi TVET, inosanganisira kudzidzira pabasa, dzidziso yenzvimbo yakabvumidzwa uye kuongororwa kweunyanzvi hunodiwa. Competency-based education and training (CBET) inoongorora kana apprentice achikwanisa kuita mabasa ebasa racho. Nzira yepamutemo inowanzotanga nokusarudzwa mubasa rakatarwa, kunyoreswa kwemunhu uye kuiswa kune mushandirwi akanyoreswa. Mushandirwi anoda kugona kwakakodzera kudzidzisa uye anogona kutora vanenge vari apprenticeship vakanyoreswa chete. Mapato anozosaina chibvumirano chakatarwa cheapprenticeship. Munhu anowanzofanira kuva nemakore 16 kana kupfuura. Mitemo inowanzoda kuti ave mugari weZimbabwe, asi Minister anogona kuregerera vasiri vagari kuburikidza nechiziviso cheGazette. Munhu ari pasi pemakore 18 anopinda muchibvumirano achibatsirwa nemuchengeti pasi peLabour Act. Ministry of Higher and Tertiary Education, Innovation, Science and Technology Development inotungamirira hurongwa hwetekinoroji nebasa remaoko kuburikidza neHEXCO, Higher Education Examinations Council. HEXCO inobatsira pamacurriculum, kunyoresa masangano, kuongorora zvitupa, bvunzo nekupa zvitupa. Secretary kana Registrar of Apprentices anochengeta marekodhi evanonyoresa, vashandirwi nezvibvumirano, anotarisira kutamiswa uye anopa zvitupa zveapprenticeship. Polytechnics, Industrial Training Centres, masangano eTVET akazvimirira ane marezenisi nevashandirwi vakanyoreswa vanopa zvikamu zvakasiyana zvekudzidziswa. Ministry of Youth Empowerment, Development and Vocational Training inotungamirira vocational training centres nezvirongwa zvetekinoroji nebhizinesi; NAMACO inopa mazano echikamu. Apprentice anodzidza maererano neurongwa hwehunyanzvi kumushandirwi uye anoenda kukosi yakabvumidzwa yetekinoroji kuti awane dzidziso nebvunzo. Mushandirwi anonyora basa, kudzidziswa nehunyanzvi hwawanikwa mulogbook yemwedzi mitatu, achisaina pamwe neapprentice. Kana asingakwanisi kupa module inodiwa, kudzidziswa kunogona kurongwa nemumwe mushandirwi akanyoreswa kana panzvimbo yakabvumidzwa. Kuchinja mushandirwi kunoda mvumo yakanyorwa kubva kunaSecretary. Huwandu hwevadzidzi vanogona kudzidziswa nemushandirwi hunoganhurirwa kunze kwekunge sangano rine basa rabvumira vakawanda. Kuongororwa kokupedzisira kunogona kusanganisira bvunzo yedzidziso yebasa uye bvunzo yebasa racho pacharo. Bvunzo dzeHEXCO dzinoitwa kaviri pagore, trade tests dzedzidziso katatu pagore uye practical trade tests vhiki rega rega kunze kwemazororo ehurumende. Mhinduro dzinowanzobuda mwedzi mumwe mushure mekuongororwa. Chitupa chetrade test chinogona kutora kusvika kumwedzi mishanu mushure mokubudiswa kwemhinduro. Apprentice ari mubasa rinodzorwa akakundikana kana asati aongororwa anogona kuwedzerwa chibvumirano kusvika pagore rimwe kuti adzidze kugadzirisa uye anyore bvunzo zvakare. Apprentice mushandi panguva yose yeapprenticeship. Dziviriro dzebasa dzinosanganisira mihoro, miganhu yemaawa, overtime, zororo, medical aid nemidziyo yokuzvidzivirira. Mushandirwi anobhadhara muhoro wakajairika, kudzidziswa nekuchengeteka. Overtime inogumira pamaawa 10 pavhiki, uye zororo rinenge maawa 12 rinotevera maawa 16 ebasa mukati memaawa 24. Vane makore 16 kana 17 havabvumirwi kuita basa rinokanganisa hutano, kuchengeteka kana hunhu. Wage schedule yeInformation and Communication Technology Instrument SI 141 ya2024 inoisa hushoma hweSkilled Worker Class 1 apprentice pa30%, 45%, 60% ne87% yemuhoro wevashandi vane hunyanzvi mumakore 1 kusvika 4; zvikamu izvi ndezveICT chete uye hazvisi mwero webasa rimwe nerimwe. Zimbabwe Manpower Development Fund (ZIMDEF) inowana mari kubva pamutero we1% wemihoro yose yemushandirwi. Mutero uyu ibasa remushandirwi, kwete mupiro unobhadharwa neapprentice wese. Vashandirwi vanotevedzera mitemo vanogona kudzorerwa mari yezvimwe zvavanobhadhara, kusanganisira mihoro yeapprentice inosvika pamuganhu weapprenticeship mumakore okutanga neechipiri uye panguva yekoreji. Muchirongwa cheICT, kunyoresa chibvumirano iUS$5, bvunzo yehunyanzvi kana trade test iUS$50 uye logbook iUS$2. Schedule inoti mari idzi dzeUS dollar dzinobhadharwa neZimbabwe dollar; mari yeHEXCO kana yehofisi inogona kusiyana nedanho rechitupa. Tarisa schedule yazvino usati wanyorera. Semuenzaniso, SI 141 ya2024 yeICT inobata Computer Technician, Network Administration Technician neDigital Automation Technician. Zvinodiwa zvekutanga zvinosanganisira Mathematics ine Grade B kana kupfuura, Science yakakodzera, English ine Grade C kana kupfuura nezvimwe zvidzidzo zviviri zveO-Level, kana National Foundation Certificate yakakodzera. Chidzidzo chetekinoroji chinogona kubatsira. Nzira yakataurwa inogona kutora makore mana kusvika padanho revashandi vane hunyanzvi, kusanganisira kusvika kumwedzi mitanhatu yekudzidziswa kwekutanga nemasemester maviri akatevedzana pakosi yetekinoroji yakabvumidzwa. Kudzidziswa kana basa rapfuura zvinogona kuverengwa uye bvunzo yehunyanzvi inogona kupfupisa nguva yasara. Zvinodiwa izvi ndezveinstrument iyoyo; usazvifungidzira kune mamwe mabasa. Kana apedza, mushandirwi anozivisa kupera mukati memazuva 30. Chitupa cheapprenticeship chinonyora bvunzo nemhinduro. Secretary anogona kupa chitupa chevashandi vane hunyanzvi kana munhu apedza apprenticeship pasi peAct, apedza kudzidziswa kwakaenzana kana kuratidza kugona kwakaenzana uye akapasa bvunzo inodiwa. Munhu anogona kukwidza chisarudzo chekunyoresa kana chitupa kunaMinister mukati memazuva 30 ozonyorera kuHigh Court mukati memamwe mazuva 30. Chitupa chinobatsira kupinda pabasa racho asi hachivimbisi kuwana basa. Zimbabwe inewo vocational training centres, zvirongwa zvetekinoroji nebhizinesi, pre-vocational training nemaIndustrial Training Centres akadai seWestgate, Mupfure, Msasa, Danhiko Project neSt Peters Kubatana. Kudyidzana kwehurumende nemakambani nema incubator zvinogona kubatsira kuwana basa kana kuzvishandira. Kuwana zvirongwa izvi kunoenderana nekosi nenzvimbo; hapana mutemo mumwe wenyika yose wokupinda muzvirongwa zvose. Polytechnics dzinosanganisira dziri muBulawayo, Mutare, Harare, Gweru, Kwekwe, Masvingo nedzimwe nzvimbo; makosi, kure uye kugona kwenzvimbo zvinokanganisa kuwana mukana. Kudzidza pabasa zvisiri pamutemo kunogona kuvandudza hunyanzvi, asi humbowo huripo hahuratidzi chitupa chimwe chenyika yose chakaenzana neapprenticeship. Vanhu vakuru vanogona kukumbira sangano rine basa kuti rizive imwe apprenticeship, imwe mhando yokudzidziswa kana hunyanzvi hwavanahwo pasi pasection 44(b) kana (c). Kuzivikanwa kwacho kunoongororwa nyaya neimwe uye hakungoitiki; kungada bvunzo nemari. Zimbabwe National Qualifications Framework (ZNQF) inobatanidza dzidzo yekutanga, zvitupa zveHEXCO nedzidzo yepamusoro. Kuenderera mberi kuNational Certificate, National Diploma neHigher National Diploma kunogona kuwanikwa, asi apprenticeship haingopi nzvimbo yeyunivhesiti kana basa yoga. Apprenticeship yepamutemo inokosha zvikuru kumabasa etekinoroji nemaindasitiri. Kuwana mukana chaiwo kunosiyana nekugona kwemushandirwi nenzvimbo yekudzidzisa, kuwanikwa kwekosi, mari, kure nenzvimbo. Hapana nhamba imwe yazvino yenyika yose yevanopinda kana vanopedza, uye hapana nguva, muhoro kana runyorwa rwemari rwakafanana kumabasa ose; sangano, mushandirwi kana nzvimbo yekudzidzisa inofanira kusimbisa zvinodiwa zvebasa rakasarudzwa.
Apprenticeship muZimbabwe
Apprenticeship muZimbabwe inosanganisa kudzidziswa basa rinotarisirwa nebasa racho, pasi pemutariri, nedzidziso nemaitiro munzvimbo yetekinoroji yakabvumidzwa. Nzira yepamutemo inoshandisa apprentice akanyoreswa, mushandirwi akanyoreswa, chibvumirano chakatarwa uye kuongororwa kweHEXCO isati yapihwa chitupa. Vocational training centres nevamwe vanopa kudzidziswa vanopa dzimwe nzira dzetekinoroji nebhizinesi; kudzidza zvisiri pamutemo hakupi chitupa chimwe chenyika yose cheapprenticeship.
Tip
Sarudza apprenticeship yepamutemo kana uchida chitupa chinozivikanwa chebasa uye uchikwanisa kuwana mushandirwi akanyoreswa pamwe nekudzidziswa kwetekinoroji kwakabvumidzwa. Funga nezvevocational training centre sedzimwe nzira dzinobatsira pahunyanzvi nokuzvishandira kana usingakwanisi kuwana apprenticeship, asi simbisa kukosha kwechitupa chayo nebudiriro inobvumira. Simbisa kukodzera, mari yazvino, kugona kwemushandirwi nematanho echitupa usati wasaina.