Religion in Trinidad and Tobago

The latest census with detailed religious figures was conducted in 2011. It recorded Roman Catholicism at 21.6%, Hinduism at 18.2%, Pentecostal, Evangelical and Full Gospel communities together at 12%, Anglicanism and Spiritual/Shouter Baptist communities each at 5.7%, Islam at 5%, Seventh-day Adventism at 4.1%, Presbyterian and Congregational communities at 2.5%, Jehovah’s Witnesses at 1.5%, Orisha at 0.9%, Methodism at 0.7% and Moravian communities at 0.3%. The census also recorded 2.2% with no religion, 11.1% who did not state a religion and 7.5% in other categories. Trinidad has a particularly plural religious landscape, while Tobago is predominantly Christian. Section 4(h) of the Constitution protects freedom of conscience, religious belief and religious observance. Religious discrimination is prohibited. Laws can sanction religiously insulting or inflammatory conduct, riotous conduct, violence and disorder connected with worship; the relevant penalty can reach TT$1,000. Blasphemous libel remains theoretically punishable by up to two years, although a 2023 report stated that this provision was not being enforced. Trinidad and Tobago has no single government religion office. The formal framework combines constitutional protection, registered religious bodies and the Inter-Religious Organisation of Trinidad and Tobago, commonly called the IRO. The IRO brings together Christian, Hindu, Muslim, Orisha and Baháʼí groups for interfaith services, national ceremonies, public statements and work promoting religious harmony. Government officials also attend religious festivals and IRO events. Registration of a religious body is practically and legally relevant for institutional access, including tax-favoured donations, possible land grants, marriage-officer functions and sponsorship of foreign missionaries. The Office of the Attorney General and Ministry of Legal Affairs, the Registrar General’s Department, the Office of the Solicitor General and the President have roles in the relevant formal processes. A missionary sponsored by a registered religious body may stay for up to three years per stay and pays TT$500 per year; a further stay follows a one-year absence. Religious instruction forms part of the public-school curriculum under section 29 of the Education Act. Parents may withdraw a child from religious instruction or observance, and religious participation cannot be used as an admission condition. Section 7 also prohibits refusing admission because of a child’s religious persuasion. Government-assisted denominational schools operate through Boards of Management, the Ministry of Education oversees national education matters, and the Tobago House of Assembly has responsibilities for education in Tobago. Private schools must register with the Ministry of Education. Home schooling is governed by the Ministry’s 2023–2027 policy, including an application and registry process, while compulsory school age is 5 to 16. Statutory religious holidays include Spiritual Baptist Liberation Shouter Day on 30 March, Eid-ul-Fitr, Divali, Good Friday, Easter Monday, Corpus Christi and Christmas Day. The President sets the dates for Eid-ul-Fitr and Divali. Ramadan, Hosay, Ramleela, Phagwa or Holi, Oshun, Obatala and Olokun are also observed, but they do not automatically close schools or workplaces because only statutory holidays have that general effect. Religious marriages can receive formal recognition under the Marriage Act, the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act, the Hindu Marriage Act and the Orisa Marriage Act. A religious minister needs a marriage-officer licence, supported by evidence of the denomination and an application. Under the Marriage Act, the application fee is TT$50, the grant fee is TT$200 and renewal every ten years costs TT$100. The Orisa Marriage Act provides an established pathway for licensed priests or priestesses through Orisa Marriage Districts and Registrar General’s Department registration. A marriage licence after banns typically costs TT$10 and a marriage certificate costs TT$10; a President’s Licence avoids banns, but both parties must generally have lived in Trinidad and Tobago for at least seven days. Civil registration remains necessary alongside the religious ceremony. Orisha communities have an established marriage arrangement, while wider national recognition remains fragmented: an individual Orisha entity was registered in a 2026 Gazette, but that does not amount to national recognition of every Orisha organisation.