Life stages in San Marino

San Marino has no single institution responsible for all life stages. Public responsibilities are divided among the Dipartimento Istruzione e Cultura, ISS, UOC Servizio Minori, UOS Tutela Minori, UOC Salute Mentale, UOC Assistenza Residenziale Anziani, Ufficio del Lavoro, the Labour Commission, the Authority Sanitaria, state secretariats and the previdenz. system. Formal support includes schools, CFP, employment lists, ISS services, care access and emergency help. Families, neighbours and private caregivers also provide non-formal or informal support. Eligibility differs by service and can depend on citizenship, registered residence, continuous residence or a residence permit, so the responsible body must confirm the current access rule. Early childhood care begins with Nido per l'Infanzia for children from about three months to three years. The service charges fees, with income-based reductions; the 2024 tariff information included reductions of 100%, 90%, 70%, 50% or 25% according to per-capita household income up to EUR 15,000, while the 2026 tariff confirms the fee and reduction procedure and requires current amounts to be checked separately. Scuola d'Infanzia starts at age three, is optional and free. Scuola Elementare lasts five years from age six and is compulsory and free, followed by three years of compulsory and free Scuola Media. School attendance is compulsory until age 16. Citizens, residents and people with continuous residence can enrol under the applicable rules. ISS and school services support inclusion through the Commissione Tecnica per l'Integrazione for disability, special educational needs and learning disorders. Refezione at Scuola d'Infanzia was listed at EUR 4.20 per day in the 2024 Carta, with a 20% reduction for families with three or more children. Youth education continues through the five-year Scuola Superiore or through the three-year CFP basic training programme. CFP admission follows completion of licenza media, and documented areas include Operatore Elettrico-meccanico and Operatore Commerciale. Centro Estivi services cover children in Scuola d'Infanzia, Scuola Elementare, Scuola Media and Scuola Superiore. The free Ambulatorio adolescenti of ISS offers gynaecological and uro-andrological advice, sexuality, prevention and contraception services up to age 20 without a doctor's referral. A person moving from school to work can use the Labor portal and register on the avviamento lists at the Ufficio del Lavoro. The process can require proof of household income, education, courses, languages, qualifications and criminal-record status. Adult life commonly involves compulsory social insurance and contact with the Ufficio del Lavoro for employment or unemployment matters. Cassa integrazione and economic allowances are available within the applicable rules. Employment-related parenthood protections under Legge 129/2022 cover pregnancy, the post-birth period, paternity, parental leave, adoption, foster care and care leave. The current rule provides ten days of paternity leave within five months at 100% pay with protection against dismissal. Parental leave can extend to 18 months, or 24 months for a multiple birth, with compensation of 40% up to the child's first year and 20% for the remaining period; the father also has two additional unpaid months until the child turns three. A 2026 parliamentary proposal concerning expanded paternity leave and minimum benefits is not current law and must not be treated as an existing entitlement. Older age may lead to pension access, continued work or a need for support with daily activities. The pensione di vecchiaia generally requires age 66 and at least 20 contribution years. In 2026, the pensione di anzianità uses Quota 102, with Quota 103 planned from 2028; the provision includes a minimum age of 60 and can apply disincentives where at least 35 contribution years are involved. Pensione di invalidità concerns permanent incapacity for work of at least 65% and requires at least seven contribution years, including two in the previous three years, with assessment by the Commissione Medica ISS. Pensione di reversibilità can cover a spouse, disabled children, minors under 18 and students under 26 when the applicable contribution conditions are met. For substantial care needs, UOC Assistenza Residenziale Anziani manages access to public or contracted Casa Protetta and RSA services. The documented process generally requires age 65 or more, at least two years of effective and recorded residence, an active ISS number and a BINA score above 290. The application goes to UOC ARA by the 10th of the month. A multidisciplinary home visit assesses needs, after which the applicant may face a waiting list and structure selection. A refusal must be issued in writing and can be challenged through the documented appeal process. The TDCS care help desk provides information about services and procedures, checks rights, offers hygiene and home-care training, and helps with technical aids and prostheses. Home care is a functional alternative to residential care. Foreign caregivers known as badanti are regulated and registered through the Labour Office Care Register and are selected from the availability list. The assisted person or a representative is usually the employer. Family care remains an informal arrangement and does not automatically provide the legal or service protections of a registered employment relationship. Disability support is based on Legge 28/2015 and DD 127/2017 and includes access to the highest attainable health standard, rehabilitation, specialised services, family support and school inclusion. Transitions can also involve acute health, mental-health, violence or child-protection risks. UOC Salute Mentale is accessed through the ISS service portal. For an acute health emergency, public 118 assistance is free and available 24 hours a day; the documented central number is 0549 994230. Police emergencies use 112 or 113. The Centro d'Ascolto Vittime Violenza can be reached at 0549 994800 around the clock, and the Centro di Prima Emergenza can arrange protective accommodation, typically for 24 to 48 hours, including for minors and unaccompanied minors. UOS Tutela Minori and ISS services handle child-protection concerns, with the Giudice Tutelare involved where judicial protection is required. No reliable Castello-specific difference in these access rules is documented, so national service rules should be checked with the responsible body.