Gwamnati a Nijar

Charte de la Refondation nationale ita ce babbar dokar aiki ta Nijar. Refondation ita ce tsarin sauyin da Yarjejeniyar ta kafa. Ta ƙayyade wa'adin watanni 60 daga ranar wallafawa, tare da yiwuwar gyara bisa yanayin tsaro, cahier des charges na Yarjejeniyar da ajandar Ƙungiyar Ƙasashen Sahel. A aikace, wannan tsari ya maye gurbin tsarin mulki na yau da kullum yayin da Tsarin Mulkin 25 ga Nuwamba 2010 ke nan a dakace bisa dokar sauyin mulki. Shugaban Jamhuriyar shi ne shugaban ƙasa, shugaban zartarwa, babban kwamandan rundunar soji da shugaban gwamnati. Shugaban yana jagorantar Majalisar Ministoci kuma zai iya yin doka ta hanyar ordonnances. Conseil National pour la Sauvegarde de la Patrie, ko CNSP, ita ce babbar hukumar sauyin mulki, kuma tana amfani da ikon zartarwa da na kafa doka. Gouvernement de la Refondation ya ƙunshi Firayim Minista da ministoci; Firayim Ministan yana daidaita ayyukan gwamnati bisa umarnin CNSP. Yarjejeniyar ta bayyana manyan hukumomi takwas: Shugaban Ƙasa, CNSP, Gwamnati, Conseil Consultatif de la Refondation, Cour d'Etat, Cour des Comptes, Observatoire National de la Communication da Observatoire National des Droits de l'Homme et des Libertés Fondamentales. Conseil Consultatif de la Refondation na da mambobi 194 da aka naɗa da kwamitoci biyar. Tana ba CNSP da Gwamnati shawara amma ba ta da ikon kafa doka. Cour d'Etat na da hurumi da tsarin aiki da ordonnance ta ba ta. Cour des Comptes na sa ido kan kuɗin jama'a. Ba a tabbatar da matsayin aiki na yanzu na cibiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan Adam a cikin bayanan hukuma da aka samu ba; wani rahoton hukuma har yanzu ya bayyana cewa ana shirin kafa wata ƙungiyar wucin gadi ta haƙƙin ɗan Adam. Nijar na da yankuna takwas, ciki har da Niamey, da sassan gudanarwa 63. Gwamnoni ne ke gudanar da yankuna, préfets kuma sassan gudanarwa a matsayin wakilan gwamnati ta tsakiya. Hukumomin yankin masu cin gashin kansu sun haɗa da ƙungiyoyin yankuna bakwai da ƙananan hukumomi 255: ƙananan hukumomin karkara 214, birane 37, da birane ko ƙananan hukumomi huɗu masu matsayi na musamman. Niamey ƙaramar hukuma guda ce da aka raba zuwa gundumomin birni biyar. Majalisun ƙananan hukumomi da magajin gari suna gudanar da ayyukan ƙaramar hukuma, ANFICT kuma tana tallafa wa kuɗaɗen hukumomin yankin. Nauyin aiki da kuɗaɗen da ake miƙawa sun shafi fannoni kamar lafiya, ilimi, ruwa da muhalli, amma tasirin aikinsu na zahiri ya bambanta bisa wuri. Gudanarwar da aka rarraba daga tsakiya tana haɗa ma'aikatun gwamnati da ayyukan hukumomi zuwa ga gwamnoni, préfets da ƙananan hukumomi. Wannan tsari yana tafiyar da batutuwa kamar rajistar haihuwa, ofisoshin gudanarwa da ainihin ayyukan jin dadin jama'a. Samun sabis ya danganta da aikin, dokar da ta shafe shi da yankin. Yankunan karkara da masu rauni yawanci ba sa samun sabis yadda birane masu ingantaccen sabis ke samu. Nijar ba ta da cikakken jadawalin ƙasa da ya haɗa duk kuɗin gudanarwa da lokacin kammala aiki; saboda haka, a binciki ma'aikatar da ta dace, ofishin gwamna, préfet ko ƙaramar hukuma bisa ga sabis ɗin da ake nema. Samun aikin gwamnati yana bin dokokin da suka dace. Ma'aikatar Tattalin Arziƙi da Kuɗi ce ke da alhakin kasafin kuɗi. Kasafin kuɗin farko na 2026 ya kai CFAF biliyan 2,922.22. Kasafin ƙarin kuɗi na farko da aka amince da shi a watan Agusta 2026 ya ƙara adadin zuwa CFAF biliyan 2,980.54, ƙarin CFAF biliyan 58.32, ko kusan kashi 2. Dalilan da aka bayyana sun haɗa da bukatun tsaro, sauye-sauyen tsarin gwamnati, miƙa nauyin ayyuka ga ma'aikatun gwamnati da sauƙaƙa haraji. Tsarin kuɗaɗen ya sa a gaba samun kashi 85 daga albarkatun cikin gida da kashi 15 daga waje. Ana tallafa wa miƙa kuɗi ga hukumomin yankin ta ANFICT. Wani ma'auni na tsarin gwamnati da ya dogara da bayanan Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na 2023 ya nuna cewa albarkatun gwamnati da ke isa ga hukumomin yankin sun gaza kashi 1; wannan ba sakamakon binciken kuɗi na 2026 ba ne. An sake kafa Cour des Comptes ta Mataki na 70 na Yarjejeniya. An naɗa masu ba da shawara 16 a watan Agusta 2025. Kotun tana duba asusun gwamnati, hukumomin yankin, cibiyoyin gwamnati da kamfanonin gwamnati. Ayyukanta sun haɗa da binciken asusu, rahotannin aiwatar da kasafi, tabbatar da dacewar asusu, tantance manufofi da hukunta kura-kuran gudanar da kuɗi. Ana iya kai zargin cin hanci ko amfani da dukiyar jama'a ba bisa ka'ida ba ga Procureur Général près la Cour d'Etat ko masu gabatar da ƙara da aka wakilta. Hanyar ƙorafi da takardun shaida da ake buƙata sun danganta da abin da ya faru. An kafa Observatoire National de la Communication a ranar 1 ga Satumba 2025 ta Ordonnance 2025-29 domin tsara kafofin watsa labarai na bugawa, na lantarki da na sauti da hoto da tallan jarida. Haka kuma tana kula da kariyar kafofin watsa labarai, samun dama daidai ga kafofin gwamnati, da'a ta sana'a da sa ido kan bayanai. Har yanzu an takaita damar jama'a: Ordonnance 2025-06 ta rushe jam'iyyun siyasa, Ofishin Babban Kwamishinan Haƙƙin Ɗan Adam na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya kuma ya ruwaito kama 'yan jarida bisa gyaran dokar laifukan intanet na Yuni 2024. Shugaban Ƙasa ne ke jagorantar hukumomin tsaro. Forces Armées Nigériennes sun ƙunshi sojojin ƙasa da na sama, kuma an tsara su zuwa yankunan tsaro tara da sansanonin jiragen sama uku. Sauran hukumomin tsaron jama'a sun haɗa da Gendarmerie Nationale, 'yan sandan farar hula Police Nationale ƙarƙashin ma'aikatar tsaro, Garde Nationale da FNIS. Tsaron cikin gida da yaƙi da ta'addanci manyan ayyukan gwamnati ne. Ordonnance 2025-42 ta tanadi tara jama'a gaba ɗaya domin ayyukan tsaro; aikin DOMOL LEYDI na 2026 kuma ya shafi ƙungiyoyin kare kai na yankuna. Bayanai da ake da su ba su tabbatar da wata dokar tilasta wa kowa shiga aikin soja ba. Shigar sojojin ƙasashen waje na buƙatar tuntuɓar jama'a ta hanyar zaɓen raba gardama kafin amincewa, sai dai idan Shugaban Ƙasa ya ba da umarnin matakin gaggawa bayan samun ra'ayin Conseil Consultatif de la Refondation; dokokin da suka dace ne ke ƙayyade iyakar tsawon lokacin matakin gaggawa.