Labor market in Niger

Rain-fed agriculture accounts for about 40% of Niger's gross domestic product and supports many rural livelihoods. Labor demand is generally limited, seasonal and low-paid, with skills often not matching available work. Among informal production units recorded in 2017, 40.5% operated in industry, 33.6% in trade and 25.9% in services. Self-employment accounted for 63.4% of informal work, while paid employees and apprentices accounted for 5.5%. Formal wage work is concentrated mainly in cities, especially Niamey. Climate, security, financing and border disruptions can change local opportunities quickly. The share of oil and extractive jobs among jobs registered by the National Agency for Employment, known as ANPE, rose from an average of about 3.2% in 2021–2023 to 12% in 2024; these figures describe ANPE-registered jobs, not the entire labor market. In 2024, ANPE registered jobseekers increased by 16%, vacancies fell by 22% and reported job creation fell by about 59.5%; engineers and senior managers formed the largest jobseeker group in that administrative series. Niger has eight regions: Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey, Tahoua, Tillabéri and Zinder. In the third quarter of 2025, the employment rate for people aged 15 to 35 was 36.5% nationally, 50.4% for men and 24.7% for women; regional rates ranged from 20.7% in Dosso to 49.4% in Tahoua. The same youth panel recorded 84.4% informal employment, 53.4% vulnerable employment, 12.2% time-related underemployment, 29.1% unemployment under the international labor-statistics definition, 63.5% expanded unemployment and 34.9% young people not in employment, education or training. These measures use different definitions and should not be treated as interchangeable. An older nationally comparable 2017 survey recorded 7.9% unemployment under the international definition, 29.8% combined unemployment and time-related underemployment, 60.2% labor underutilization and 75.9% vulnerable employment; women and rural workers generally faced weaker outcomes. Education remains a constraint: literacy among people aged 15 and older was 28.4% in 2017, the average schooling of workers in informal production units was 1.8 years and only 2.0% had formal training. Relevant pathways include technical and vocational education, formal and non-formal training, informal apprenticeships, dual apprenticeships and self-employment. In 2025–2026, public technical and vocational programs reported 96,386 learners, including 42,973 girls, 17 revised programs, 49,927 young people receiving career guidance, 1,939 dual apprenticeships and 2,800 support kits for labor-market entry. Training alone may not produce work when demand, equipment or start-up capital is missing. ANPE provides public intermediation, job placement, contracts, apprenticeships, work cards, labor-market information, reintegration, retraining and self-employment support. Registration is handled in person at an ANPE office and requires a national identity card, passport or birth certificate; a diploma and résumé are optional for registration. ANPE states that registration is obligatory for access to its services. Vacancies also circulate through personal networks, family contacts and informal apprenticeships, so ANPE data exclude much unregistered demand. Its PAIJ program supports youth employment, COSIVIP targets Nigerien people aged 18–35 with higher, technical or professional qualifications for 12 months with a monthly allowance and occupational-risk cover, and CRP supports first-job graduates aged 15–35 or people unemployed for at least one year, with training lasting up to six months and a daily allowance. PACE supports self-employment and microenterprises, while TRE helps with résumés, motivation letters and interviews. The statutory minimum interprofessional wage, called SMIG, is 42,000 FCFA per month from 1 January 2026, compared with 30,047 FCFA previously. It applies to private and parapublic workers and auxiliaries covered by the Labour Code or the Interprofessional Collective Agreement, but not civil servants covered by the General Civil Service Statute. It does not represent a general salary increase, and informal work does not automatically provide this wage floor. In a 2017 benchmark, average imputed monthly income was 56,170 FCFA, with 65,450 FCFA for men and 36,243 FCFA for women; 63.5% were below the then-current SMIG, including 77.5% of women. Formal workers may receive social protection through the National Social Security Fund, CNSS, including retirement, invalidity and survivor benefits, family benefits, and cover for workplace accidents and occupational disease. Employers are responsible for affiliation, worker registration, wage declarations and contribution payments. Voluntary insurance exists, but informal workers usually remain outside formal coverage. Occupational risks are especially relevant in mining, transport, construction and agriculture. The 2017 national migration profile recorded 94% non-migrants, 4% internal migrants and 2% international migrants; Niamey had higher internal and international migration shares. Many households combine agriculture, informal trade or services, wage work and temporary migration across seasons. The labor market therefore cannot be understood through formal vacancies alone: region, gender, season, skills, capital, social protection and access to reliable matching channels all affect the available path.