Nature and everyday surroundings are connected but describe different parts of Nepal's environment. Nature includes ecosystems, plants, animals, water and soil processes, from the Terai and Churia to the Middle Mountains, High Mountains and High Himal. Protected areas conserve biodiversity and can also support water and soil protection, livelihoods, research and nature-based activities. Everyday surroundings include the quality and maintenance of streets, drainage, water services, air, public spaces and waste collection. Urban valleys and the Terai often face air pollution, waste and flooding pressures. Remote hill and mountain areas can face longer travel distances and weaker access for maintenance and public services. Responsibility is shared between federal bodies, provinces, municipalities, rural municipalities and wards. The responsible office and available complaint channel therefore depend on the place and the type of problem. A concern about wildlife habitat or a protected area may require a different authority from a blocked drain, unmanaged waste or unsafe public space. Environmental conditions also affect health, farming, water availability, transport and livelihoods, so local geography and season can change the practical response.
Environment in Nepal
The environment in Nepal includes both natural systems and the conditions in which people live. It covers Himalayan landscapes, forests, wetlands, wildlife, air, water, drainage, waste services, public spaces and local hazards. Nepal's varied elevations and settlement patterns create different environmental pressures and service needs across the country.
Tip
Use the environment in Nepal as a practical checklist for both natural systems and daily living conditions. First classify the concern, then match it to the affected place and the responsible level of government; combined problems should be recorded from both perspectives.