Moldova has an established insurance system. Law 92/2022 on insurance and reinsurance has applied since 1 January 2023, and Law 106/2022 on compulsory motor third-party liability has applied since 1 April 2023. The authentic legal texts are published through Monitorul Oficial and legis.md; English versions published by the National Bank of Moldova are informational translations. Law 1553/1998 governs carrier liability toward passengers, while Law 489/1999 governs public social insurance. The National Bank of Moldova, known as Banca Națională a Moldovei or BNM, licenses and prudentially supervises insurers, reinsurers, brokers, agents and bancassurance providers. The National Commission for Financial Markets, known as Comisia Națională a Pieței Financiare or CNPF, handles financial-consumer protection, complaints and petitions. The National Bureau of Motor Insurers, known as Biroul Național al Asigurătorilor de Autovehicule or BNAA, administers RCA and Carte Verde functions and statutory compensation mechanisms. Casa Națională de Asigurări Sociale, or CNAS, administers state social insurance. The Public Services Agency, or ASP, handles legal-entity registration matters. At 31 December 2025, Moldova had nine insurers: eight general insurers and one composite insurer. Gross written premiums totalled MDL 3,351.2 million. General insurance produced 96.7% of premiums, while life insurance produced 3.3%. Active policies and contracts totalled about 1.355 million, with general insurance representing 98.1%. Intermediaries accounted for 61.9% of premiums. Motor insurance represented more than 71.6% of premiums, followed by fire and natural-hazard cover at 8.8% and other property insurance, mainly crop insurance, at 5.5%. State social insurance is separate from a private insurance policy. Employers, self-employed people and other statutory payers finance it through mandatory contributions. Subject to the contribution record, insured income, category and legal conditions, CNAS benefits can include old-age, disability, survivor, temporary-incapacity, work-accident, occupational-disease and family-related statutory benefits. Contribution rates and reporting or payment deadlines follow the annual state social-insurance budget and Law 489/1999. CNAS territorial offices and electronic services provide the relevant administrative access. Mandatory health-insurance and medical-access questions belong primarily to the health topic, not to private insurance. Licensed insurers offer non-life and life products. Established private options include RCA, Carte Verde, CASCO, property insurance for fire or natural hazards, crop and agricultural insurance, general liability, accident, travel and life insurance. Private cover is generally voluntary unless a sector law requires it. No universal private home-insurance or private health-insurance requirement is evidenced for Moldova. RCA is compulsory for the owner or user of a Moldova-registered transport unit. Internal RCA normally lasts 12 months, although terms from one to twelve months can apply in permitted cases. Carte Verde provides external motor-liability cover for listed member states and can last from 15 days to 12 months. CASCO is voluntary vehicle cover and does not replace RCA. Passenger-carrier liability follows Law 1553/1998. Cover can be purchased from a licensed insurer, broker, agent or bancassurance provider. Check the provider in BNM registers. RCA Data supports electronic applications, contracts, policies, certificates and claim files. RCA can be concluded online or on paper, and payment of the premium establishes consent for an online contract. A quotation commonly uses an identification number such as an IDNP or IDNO and the registration-certificate number. The policy should state covered risks, limits, exclusions, premium, term, duties and the procedure for reporting a claim. From 1 January 2025, digital RCA and Carte Verde documents are accepted. Premiums depend on the risk, product and provider. In 2025, the average internal RCA premium was MDL 1,254.7 per insured unit and the average Carte Verde premium was MDL 965.6 per unit. These averages do not set a uniform price for private cover. The intermediary channel is widely used: in 2025 it handled about 1.224 million contracts and MDL 2,073.0 million in premiums. After an insured event, notify the insurer immediately, take reasonable steps to limit damage and preserve evidence. For an RCA or Carte Verde event, the holder must notify the insurer or BNAA within 48 hours. Where the amicable accident procedure applies, both drivers complete and sign the form and should add photographs, video and witness details. The injured party submits the form within two working days. The claim file normally goes to the liable insurer, to the claimant's own insurer where regulated direct settlement applies, or to BNAA where a statutory BNAA process governs. The insurer should inspect damaged property and prepare a record within five working days. A complete claim file requires a decision and payment within 30 days; an incomplete file can require a decision within 90 days. The insurer communicates the decision within five working days and pays within ten working days after the decision. An objection to the amount can be filed within five days, and the insurer responds within five working days. A court challenge remains available, and CNPF can receive a petition concerning a breach of consumer rights. The Fondul de compensare, managed through BNAA mechanisms, can cover eligible damage caused by uninsured, unidentified, unregistered or illicitly obtained vehicles. For an identified uninsured vehicle, property damage and bodily injury or death can be covered. For an unidentified vehicle, coverage primarily concerns bodily injury or death, while property damage depends on statutory conditions and thresholds. The Fund for the protection of victims, known as FPVS, and the compensation fund for Carte Verde provide specific statutory payment functions rather than general protection for every loss. An RCA contract normally lasts 12 months. Statutory suspension can apply when the right to use the vehicle is suspended or when registration plates are legally deposited or withdrawn. A sale or ownership change requires handling with the insurer; a new owner cannot unilaterally amend the former owner's contract. Renewal, cancellation, termination and material changes to the insured risk depend on the contract and Laws 92/2022 and 106/2022. Keep the policy, payment proof, notices, photographs, inspection documents and claim correspondence. The 2026–2029 reform proposals are planned measures and do not change the current consumer rules described here.
Insurance in Moldova
Insurance in Moldova uses contracts or statutory systems to cover defined personal, property, liability and income risks. The main areas are mandatory vehicle liability, voluntary vehicle and property cover, life and accident insurance, general liability, agricultural insurance and state social insurance. Coverage, premiums, exclusions, claims duties and payment deadlines depend on the product and the applicable law.
Tip
Secure the legally required RCA cover first, then choose voluntary insurance according to the losses you could realistically bear yourself. Compare limits, exclusions, claim duties and provider reliability instead of choosing only by premium. Keep CNAS social insurance separate from private policies and preserve every policy, payment record and claim document.