Religion in Macedonia

Article 19 of the Constitution protects freedom of conscience and religion in North Macedonia. People may practise religion individually or collectively, publicly or privately. Religious affiliation and ethnic identity are separate categories, and religious practice should also be distinguished from traditions, state administration and general social life. Faith does not remove general civic duties. Restrictions are lawful only under conditions set by law, including public security, public order, health, morals or the rights of others. The 2021 census counted 1,836,713 residents. It recorded 847,390 Orthodox residents, or 46.14%, and 590,878 Muslims, or 32.17%. A separate Christian category accounted for 242,579 people, or 13.21%. The census also recorded 6,746 Catholics, 1,313 Protestants, 889 Evangelical Methodists, 1,137 Jehovah's Witnesses, 74 Jewish people, 894 Buddhists, 1,964 agnostics and 355 atheists. Administrative-source data covered 132,260 residents, or 7.20%. These figures describe declared affiliation at the census and do not establish how actively someone practises a religion. The Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid, the Islamic Religious Community, the Catholic Church, the United Methodist Church and the Jewish Community are among the established local bodies. The Commission for Relations with Religious Communities and Groups, known as KOVZRG, is an independent state-administration body responsible for religious questions and state–religion relations. Its official evidence distinguishes churches, religious communities and religious groups and includes Orthodox, Islamic, Catholic, Methodist, Jewish, Adventist, Baptist, evangelical, Sufi and Bektashi, Hare Krishna and Jehovah's Witnesses bodies, among others. The Law on the Legal Status of a Church, Religious Community and Religious Group, published in Official Gazette 113/2007, governs legal recognition. A body obtains legal personality through entry in the Single Court Register. Basic Court II – Skopje handles the registration. The founding application includes the founding minutes, founding act, organisational and activity act, a description of teaching sources, the decision naming representatives and proof of the founders' citizenship. The application may be submitted no earlier than 30 days after the founding decision. The authority can request missing documents within 15 days, and a complete entry has a maximum stated period of 8 days. A new name or emblem must be distinguishable from those already registered. KOVZRG separately maintains the state evidence of registered bodies. Worship and community activities may take place in a church, temple, mosque, prayer house, synagogue, cemetery or another suitable space, and public places may also be used where permitted. Registered communities organise worship, prayer, religious rites, education and charitable or welfare activities. Access normally takes place through the relevant local community; no central national membership procedure has been established. Communities generally rely on their own funds, private philanthropy, donations and other income. North Macedonia has no uniform nationwide price list for worship or rites, so any donation or service charge must be confirmed with the specific community. The Law on Holidays provides religiously based non-working days for the relevant faith group rather than for the entire population. Examples include Orthodox Christmas Eve and Christmas, Easter and Duhovden, also called Pentecost; Muslim Ramadan Bajram, or Eid al-Fitr, and Kurban Bajram, or Eid al-Adha; and Yom Kippur in the Jewish community calendar. The Ministry of Economy and Labor publishes yearly announcements. Islamic dates move each year, and the current schedule and workplace consequences should be checked for the relevant year. Registered communities may establish religious educational institutions for training clergy and religious workers, but not for primary-level training. They must notify the competent religious authority at least 90 days before founding such an institution and provide its purpose, organisation and curriculum. The Constitutional Court annulled Articles 27–29 of the relevant law in 2010, so confessional religious instruction did not remain a general public-school option under that framework. The Bureau for Education's Ethics in Religions area is distinct from confessional instruction, and the current form of any school course should be checked under the education rules in force. KOVZRG is the documented state channel for religious dialogue. North Macedonia's multi-confessional and multi-ethnic structure makes cooperation between communities relevant to public life. In 2025, the country held the third World Conference for Religious Dialogue and Cooperation. Documented cooperation includes work with the Macedonian Orthodox Church – Archdiocese of Ohrid, the Islamic Religious Community, the Catholic Church and the Evangelical Church, including joint humanitarian actions and work related to preventing violence and extremism. Communities regulate rites connected with birth or initiation, marriage, death and mourning. A religious rite does not replace civil registration or a civil marriage, and national uniformity on community requirements, costs and appointment times has not been established. Confirm the religious requirements with the relevant community and the legal steps with the civil registry or municipality. Foreign religious workers need a KOVZRG procedure for residence and religious activity. The documented application materials include proof of the administrative fee, a passport, a volunteer contract, a lease, evidence of theological training and an activity programme; submission can be made personally or by email as a PDF. The exact fee, processing time and permitted stay should be confirmed before travel or work begins.