Swatini alinayo inchazelo yinye lehlelekile lehlanganisa lonkhe lizinga letindzawo temphilo yansuku tonkhe temuntfu. Ekuphileni kwangempela, timo tiyashiyana emadolobheni lahlelekile, etindzaweni letingakahleleki noma letiseceleni kwemadolobha nasetindzaweni tasemaphandleni letiku-Swazi Nation Land. Kuphatfwa kwasemadolobheni kufaka Town Boards, Town Councils neMunicipal Councils, kunetiphatsimandla tasemadolobheni letingu-12 letisemtsetfweni netindzawo letine letilawuliwe. Tindzawo tasemaphandleni tihlelwa yi-Eswatini Law and Custom, tindvuna, tinhlaka tema-phakatsi naletinye tiphatsimandla tesintfu. Ngako-ke kuhlela nekugunyata kwakha kuya ngendzawo, luhlelo lwemhlaba neligunya leliphetse leyo ndzawo. Imigwaco, emanti laphuma emhlabatsini, kuqoqwa kwethuthuva netindzawo temphakatsi kuphatfwa ngetindlela letehlukene. Litiko Lemigwaco ligcina imigwaco yesive futsi lenza imisebenti lefana nekulungisa imigodzi, kulawula titjalo nekususa tintfo letivimba emanti. Tiphatsimandla tasemadolobheni tiphatse tinsita temigwaco yendzawo, kuqoqwa kwethuthuva, kulawula intfutfuko kanye neminye imisebenti yekunakekela. Lisu Letutfutfukiswa Kwavelonkhe langa-2023/24 kuya ku-2027/28 libeka embili kuchumanisa tindzawo tasemaphandleni, emanti, kuhlanteka, emandla, broadband, kumelana nesimo selitulu kanye nekunciphisa umehluko wetinsita emkhatsini wasemaphandleni nasemadolobheni. Ugesi, tekuchumana, tindzawo temphakatsi, imigwaco, tindlela tekunyawo nemapaki akukafinyeleli ngalokulinganako. IMbabane ibika emapaki langu-14 lasetjentiswako, emapaki lamane epikiniki, emakhilomitha langu-45 etindlela netindlela tekunyawo, kanye nemahekthare langu-14.5 emapaki asemadolobheni, kodvwa kufinyelela nekugcinwa kuyashiyana ngendzawo. Imtfwalo wemanti nekuhlanteka uyehluka ngekwendzawo yetinsita. I-Eswatini Water Services Corporation ibutsa, ihambisa, ihlanza iphinde ilahle emanti lasetjentisiwe etindzaweni letibekiwe. Litiko Letemanti lilawula imithombo yemanti, emanti lasetulu kwemhlaba, kulawula kungcolisa, emanti langaphansi kwemhlaba netinhlelo tasemaphandleni. Luphiko Lwalo Lwekuniketa Emanzi Emaphandleni luhlela, lwakha, lugcine tinhlelo tasemaphandleni futsi lusita emiphakatsi ekunakekeleni nasekuhloleni lizinga lemanti. Tinjongo tahulumende temave emhlaba tekuhambisa emanti lahlobile tikhuphula kufinyelela kusuka ku-69% kuye ku-80% nga-2027, kufaka ekhatsi kukhuphuka kusuka ku-49% kuye ku-65% etindzaweni tasemaphandleni, letingakahleleki netiseceleni kwemadolobha. Kuhlanteka lokutfutfukisiwe kuhloswe kukhuphuka kusuka ku-53% kuye ku-85%, kantsi kuchama ngaphandle kuhloswe kwehla kusuka ku-11% kuye ku-zero. Kutfolakala kwangempela, imali yekuxhuma, ematariff nekuletsembeka kwetinsita kuya ngemniketi, sakhiwo nendzawo. Somiso, tikhukhula, kungcoliseka nekungafiki kwemanti ngaletinye tikhatsi kungatsintsa tinsita. Lapho kusetjentiswa khona umtsetfosisekelo loshicilelwe we-EWSC, timphendvulo tetikhalo tibhalwe kutsi tibe ngemalanga lasihlanu, kuxhunywa kwemanti emakhaya ngemalanga ekusebenta langu-14 ngemuva kwekukhokha etindzaweni tasemaphandleni letinemaphrojekthi letingenayo ingqalasizinda, kuxhunywa kwetindle emazingeni emakhaya ngemalanga lasihlanu, kantsi kuxhunywa kwetindle kwetentengiselwano ngemalanga lamabili. Ema-tariff lamanje netindleko tekuxhuma kufanele kuhlolwe ku-EWSC. Kuqoqwa kwethuthuva ngumsebenti lofanele tiphatsimandla tasendzaweni. Tiphatsimandla tasendzaweni kulindzeleke kutsi tibutse tiphindze tilahle tibi temakhaya, tibeke tikhwama temphakatsi tetintfo letilahlwako, tisekele kunciphisa nekuvuselela kabusha tibi, futsi tilungiselele tinhlelo tetibi. I-Eswatini Environment Authority inika emalayisensi iphinde ihlole imisebenti yetibi, ingayalela tiphatsimandla tasendzaweni, ihlole tindzawo bese iphocelela timfuneko temvelo. I-Waste Regulations 2000 ne-National Solid Waste Management Strategy tiniketa luhlaka lolubanti. Kuvama kuqoqwa, timali, tindzawo letikhetsiwe tekulahla nemvume yendzawo kuyashiyana. Tindzawo tekulawula tibi tingafaka tindzawo letikhetsiwe nekuhambisa emandla ngetindvuna noma kuletinye tiphatsimandla tesintfu. Kulahla tibi ngalokungekho emtsetfweni, kutishisa ngaphandle noma kuphatsa tibi letiyingoti ngendlela lengaphephile kubeka impilo, umlilo nemvelo engotini. Kungcola kwemoya kungavela ekushiseni inkuni netitjalo temakhaya, kushiswa kwethuthuva ngaphandle, umsindvo wetimoto netetimboni kanye nelutfuli. I-Eswatini Environment Authority iphatse luhlaka lwekungcola nekuhlolwa kwemiphumela yemvelo, kantsi i-Air Pollution Regulations 2001 ne-2010 tiniketa imitsetfo lefanele. Akukacinisekiswa luhlelo lwavelonkhe lwekulandzelela lizinga lemoya ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi noma ibhodi lemphakatsi lelibonisa imincele. Umsindvo utsatfwa njengentfo lengcolisako ngaphansi kweluhlaka lwe-Environment Management Act, futsi umtsetfo ukhuluma ngesibopho sekusebentisa indlela lengcono kakhulu letfolakalako yekulawula umoya nomsindvo. Akukacinisekiswa imincele yemsindvo wemphakatsi lehlanganisiwe yavelonkhe, libalave lekulandelela noma lizinga lenkonzo yekufaka sikhalo. Tikhalo tingaphatfwa ligunya lendzawo, insita yetemphilo yemvelo, i-Eswatini Environment Authority noma emaphoyisa kuye ngemtfombo nendzawo. Kuphepha kwetindzawo kufaka umlilo, tikhukhula, somiso, imililo yasendle, tikhukhula temoya, kuguguleka kwemhlaba, emanti langaphephile, imigwaco yemanti levimbekile, tingoti tethuthuva nekungafinyeleli kalula etinsitweni tetimo letiphutfumako. I-Eswatini Police Service ivikela kuphila nemphahla, ivimbela iphinde ibone bugebengu futsi igcine kuthula emphakatsini. Tinsita Temlilo Netimo Letiphutfumako tiphatse kuvimbela imililo, kusindzisa, kuphendvula ngetimo letiphutfumako nekuphocelela kuphepha kwemlilo. I-National Disaster Management Agency ihlanganisa kuphatfwa kwetingoti tetinhlekelele necwayiso sangaphambilini, kantsi uMnyango Wetekwehlisa Tingoti Tetinhlekelele Nemelana Nato uphatse tingoti letifana netikhukhula, somiso, umoya lomkhulu, kutamatama kwemhlaba nekuwa kwemhlaba. Kufinyelela nekuphendvula kuya ngendzawo, simo semgwaco, kwakheka kwesakhiwo netinsita letikhona. Bantfu bangaba neligalelo ekutfutfukisweni kwendzawo ngetindlela letihlelekile netesintfu. I-Tinkhundla lizinga lesitsatfu lahulumende futsi inemahhovisi ema-Inkhundla langu-59. I-Bucopho nemiphakatsi bangacala baphindze bahlanganise imaphrojekthi ekutfutfukisa, kantsi iNdvuna Yenkhundla, baPhatsi Betifundza, tindvuna, tinhlaka tema-phakatsi nemikhandlu yasemadolobheni banetindzima letehlukene. Imaphrojekthi lengaba nemiphumela emvelweni idzinga kugunyatwa kwemvelo ngaphambi kwekucala kwentfutfuko. Inchubo ye-Environmental Assessment ingafaka Project Brief, Environmental Management Plan, Initial Environmental Examination, scoping ne-Environmental Impact Assessment. Tikhatsi tekuluhlola letishicilelwe tifaka emalanga lasihlanu e-Project Brief, lasihlanu e-Environmental Management Plan, lalishumi e-Initial Environmental Examination, lasihlanu e-scoping nemalanga langu-15 e-Environmental Impact Assessment, futsi kuhlolwa emphakatsini kuhlala lokungenani emalanga langu-15 lapho kufanele. Timali tekufaka ticelo tibekwa ngaphansi kwe-Environmental Assessment Regulations 2022. Lushintjo lwendzawo luthintfwa kukhula kwemadolobha ngekushesha, kwandza kwetindzawo letingakahleleki netiseceleni kwemadolobha, kushintjwa kwekusetjentiswa kwemhlaba, kusilela kwetinsita, kusilela kwemigwaco nemanti laphuma emhlabatsini, kanye netingoti tesimo selitulu. Litiko Letetindlu Nekutfutfukiswa Kwemadolobha, tiphatsimandla tasemadolobheni, tinhlaka temaTinkhundla, tindvuna ne-Eswatini Environment Authority tonkhe tingatsintsa iphrojekthi noma indzawo yekuhlala. Alukho luhlelo lunye lwavelonkhe lwekuvuselela bomakhelwane lolutfolakele; emaphrojekthi ekutfutfukisa ingqalasizinda lafana nalawo ahambisana neMhobodleni neBuhleni akhombisa luhlobo lwelushintjo lwendzawo lolwentekako. Tidzingo tekwakha, kuhlelwa, tibi, emanti netimo letiphutfumako tiyashiyana ngemandla endzawo. Kuhlola lokusebentako kufanele kutfole emalungelo emhlaba, ligunya leliphetse, insita yemanti noma luhlelo lwemakhaya, imigwaco nemanti laphuma emhlabatsini, indlela yekuphatsa tibi, luhlobo lwekugunyatwa kwemvelo kanye nekufinyelela kwetimo letiphutfumako ngaphambi kwekutsemba simangalo sencusa noma setinjongo tahulumende.
Tindzawo letisondzelene eSwatini
Tindzawo temphilo yansuku tonkhe eSwatini tifaka ekhatsi tindzawo tekulala, imigwaco, emanti, kuhlanteka, tinsita tethuthuva, umoya, umsindvo, tindzawo letihlata, kuphepha kanye nelushintjo lwendzawo. Alikho ligunya linye leliphetse tonkhe letindzaba: tiphatsimandla tasemadolobheni, tinhlaka tesintfu, ematiko esive, tinhlangano tetinsita nemigwamanda yemvelo tinesabelo semtfwalo. Kufinyelela netinga letinsita kuya kakhulu ngendzawo, emalungelo emhlaba, bungako bemigwaco netinsita kanye neligunya lelifanele.
Tip
Hlola indzawo letsite eSwatini ngekuhlelwa kwayo kwemanti, kuhlanteka, tibi, kukhipha emanti, kufinyelela netinhlelo tetimo letiphutfumako kunekuncika etinjongweni tahulumende noma emagameni endzawo. Cinisekisa ligunya leliphetse nemniketi wetinsita ngaphambi kwekutinikela endzaweni, iphrojekthi noma luhlelo lwendzawo yekuhlala, ikakhulu etindzaweni letiseceleni kwemadolobha naseSwazi Nation Land.