Imakethe yezabasebenzi eSwatini

Amandla abasebenzi ahlanganisa abantu abasebenzayo noma abatholakala futhi abafuna umsebenzi ngenkuthalo. Izinga lokumuncwa kwabasebenzi lilinganisa isabelo sabantu abaseminyakeni yokusebenza abaqashiwe. Lezi zinkomba zichaza ukufinyelela emsebenzini kangcono kunesilinganiso sokungasebenzi sodwa ngoba zikhombisa nenani labantu abangekho emandleni abasebenzi, kuhlanganise nabadikibele ukufuna umsebenzi nabanye abangasebenzi noma abangafuni umsebenzi okwamanje. Izibalo zakamuva ezishicilelwe zibonisa ukungasetshenziswa ngokugcwele kwesakhiwo sabasebenzi okuqhubekayo. Ucwaningo Lwamandla Abasebenzi luka-2025 lwabika izinga lokuqashwa uma liqhathaniswa nenani labantu elingu-33.5%, ukungasebenzi okungu-33.5%, ukungasebenzi kwentsha eneminyaka engu-15 kuya ku-24 okungu-26.8%, kanye no-49.6% wabantu abaseminyakeni yokusebenza abangekho emandleni abasebenzi. Imininingwane eminingi yesakhiwo etholakala emphakathini ivela ocwaningweni lwango-2023. Lolo cwaningo lwabala abantu abaseminyakeni yokusebenza abangu-793,614, amandla abasebenzi angu-402,909, abantu abaqashiwe abangu-260,356, izinga lokubamba iqhaza emandleni abasebenzi elingu-50.8%, izinga lokumuncwa elingu-32.8%, abantu abangu-74,855 ababengasebenzi isikhathi eside, abangu-30,984 ababengasebenzi amahora abawafunayo, nabangu-33,049 abadikibele ukufuna umsebenzi. Ukungasebenzi kwakhuphuka kusuka ku-33.3% ngo-2021 kuya ku-35.4% ngo-2023, kwase kuba nokuthuthuka okuncane ngo-2025. Izibalo ezinemininingwane zango-2023 nezinkomba eziyinhloko zango-2025 aziguquguquki zisetshenziswane. Ngo-2023, izinsizakalo zaba cishe u-68% wokuqashwa, imboni yaba u-17%, ezolimo zaba u-13%. Ukuhweba ngezitolo nangesamba nokulungisa izimoto kwakungu-17.9% wokuqashwa, ezokukhiqiza zaba u-16.6%, ezolimo, amahlathi nokudoba kwaba u-14.1%. Ezokwakha zaba u-6.5%, ezokuthutha nokugcinwa kwempahla zaba u-4.2%, ezemfundo zaba u-3.8%, ezempilo nomsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kwaba u-2.8%, indawo yokuhlala nokudla kwaba u-1.7%, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana kwaba u-1.8%, kanti ezezimali nomshwalense kwaba u-2.2%. Phakathi kuka-2021 no-2023, ukuqashwa kwakhula kakhulu kwezokuthutha, ezokukhiqiza, ezokwakha, ezemfundo nezolimo, kuyilapho izimayini, indawo yokuhlala nezinsizakalo zokudla nabaqashi basekhaya kwabika ukwehla. Umsebenzi uhlukaniswe phakathi kwamabhizinisi asemthethweni, angahlelekile nemizi. Ngo-2023, amabhizinisi asemthethweni aqasha u-47.6%, amabhizinisi angahlelekile u-46.3%, imizi yona u-6.0%. Umsebenzi ongahlelekile wawungabantu abangu-146,293, noma u-56.2% wabo bonke abaqashiwe. Imisebenzi evamile engahlelekile yayihlanganisa izinsizakalo nokuthengisa, imisebenzi eyisisekelo, ezolimo ezinamakhono nemisebenzi yezandla. Abesifazane babemelwe kakhulu kwezinsizakalo nokuthengisa, lapho babenamaphesenti angu-42.7 okuqashwa kuqhathaniswa no-19.7% wamadoda. Umsebenzi ohlelekile nongahlelekile ungahluka ngemigomo ebhaliwe, ukuvikeleka komphakathi, amarekhodi omholo, ukufinyelela ekuqeqeshweni nokuphoqelelwa kwamazinga omsebenzi. Izifunda ezine yiHhohho, iManzini, iShiselweni neLubombo. IManzini yayino-37.8% wamandla abasebenzi, iHhohho ino-23.3%, iShiselweni ino-20.3%, kanti iLubombo ino-18.7%. Izinga lokumuncwa kwabasebenzi lango-2023 laliphakeme kakhulu eManzini ngo-39.1%, lilandelwa yiLubombo ngo-36.4%, iShiselweni ngo-27.7% neHhohho ngo-26.4%. Ukungasebenzi kwakungu-39.9% eHhohho, u-30.9% eManzini, u-42.7% eShiselweni no-30.9% eLubombo. Ukumuncwa kwabasebenzi emadolobheni kwakungu-44.7%, kuqhathaniswa no-26.7% ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngabantu abazalelwe kwamanye amazwe yayigxile kakhulu eManzini. Ngakho ukuthuthela kwabantu besuka emakhaya beya emadolobheni kuthinta izindawo ezitholakala kuzo izikhala, ukuncintisana nezinsizakalo, nakuba imithombo ehloliwe inganikezi isibalo esiphelele samanje sabantu abathuthele kwamanye amazwe. Iziqu aziqinisekisi umsebenzi ohambisana nazo. Ngo-2023, u-56.8% wamandla abasebenzi wawunemfundo yamabanga aphansi aphezulu, u-19.4% imfundo yamabanga aphansi, u-9.0% iziqu ze-bachelor, u-10.6% iziqu ze-master, kanti u-3.0% wawungafundanga. Imisebenzi yabaqashiwe yayihlanganisa izinsizakalo nokuthengisa ngo-25.3%, imisebenzi eyisisekelo ngo-21.3%, ochwepheshe ngo-11.3%, umsebenzi wezandla ngo-10.6%, ukusebenza kwezitshalo nemishini ngo-10.5%. Ucwaningo lukhomba ukungafani kwamakhono nezidingo zemisebenzi, kuhlanganise nabantu abafunde kakhulu nabanamakhono okuphatha. Imikhakha ebekwe eqhulwini ngo-2023 kuya ku-2027 ihlanganisa ezolimo nokucubungula imikhiqizo yezolimo, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi nezokuxhumana, idatha, izinsizakalo zamafu edijithali, ukuphepha ku-inthanethi, isoftware nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, ubunjiniyela nobuchwepheshe, ezempilo, ezemfundo nesayensi, ubuchwepheshe, ubunjiniyela nezibalo, ezokuvakasha nezokwamukela izivakashi, imvelo namandla kanye nezokukhiqiza. Izindlela zokuqeqeshwa nokuqinisekisa ikhono zihlanganisa amanyuvesi, amakolishi, imfundo nokuqeqeshwa kwezobuchwepheshe nomsebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa kwezimboni, ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi nokuhlolwa kobungcweti. Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi kuhlanganisa ithiyori nokufunda emsebenzini futhi kungaba nesivumelwano esibhalisiwe esithatha iminyaka emihlanu. Ukuhlolwa kobungcweti kuqinisekisa ikhono elitholwe ngokuqeqeshwa okusemthethweni noma okungekho emthethweni. IBanga 3 limboza umsebenzi onamakhono athile, iBanga 2 umsebenzi onamakhono, kanti iBanga 1 umsebenzi onamakhono aphezulu. Izimfuneko zokufinyelela ekuhlolweni kobungcweti ezibikiwe zihlanganisa ubuncane beminyaka engu-18, okungenani iminyaka emithathu yesipiliyoni somsebenzi weBanga 3, ezinye izinyanga ezingu-18 ngemva kweBanga 3 zeBanga 2, nezinye izinyanga ezingu-30 ngemva kweBanga 2 zeBanga 1. Ukuqashelwa kokufunda kwangaphambilini kuyatholakala ngokusebenza. Abahlinzeki abafanele bahlanganisa iNyuvesi yaseSwatini, iLimkokwing University, iEswatini Medical Christian University, iSouthern African Nazarene University, iEswatini College of Technology, iGwamile-VOCTIM, iBotho ne-IDM. UMnyango Wezemfundo Nokuqeqeshwa uqondisa imfundo esemthethweni yobuchwepheshe nomsebenzi, kanti uMnyango Wezabasebenzi Nokuvikeleka Komphakathi noPhiko Lokuqeqeshwa Kwezimboni Nokufundela Umsebenzi benza imisebenzi yokuqeqeshwa kwezimboni. ISwatini ayinalo iholo elilodwa eliphansi likazwelonke. Imiyalo Yokulawula Amaholo isebenza ngokwemikhakha. Izibonelo zemiyalo yango-2024 zihlanganisa u-E74.67 ngosuku kubasebenzi bezolimo abavamile, besizini nabagcina izitoko, u-E111.90 kubalindi bezolimo, no-E174.60 kumaciko ezolimo. Ezitolo zasemadolobheni, izibonelo zanyanga zonke zihlanganisa u-E2,126.09 kumsebenzi ojwayelekile, u-E2,343.56 kumsizi wasesitolo no-E2,671.54 kumuntu osebenza ekheshi. Emsebenzini wasemakhaya, izibonelo zanyanga zonke zihlanganisa u-E1,488.37 kumpheki no-E1,717.35 kumnakekeli noma kumshayeli. Amanani angaba ngaphansi kwezinye izindawo. Imiyalo yamaholo iphinde ibhekane nemininingwane ebhaliwe yokuqashwa, amahora okusebenza, isikhathi esengeziwe, ikhefu, amalungelo okubeletha nokuncelisa, okokuvikela nokufinyelela ezinyunyaneni. Kufanele kuhlolwe uMyalelo osebenzayo nesigaba somsebenzi, kungasetshenziswa isilinganiso esisodwa kubo bonke abasebenzi. Ukuxhumanisa abantu nemisebenzi kwesekwa uMnyango Wezinkonzo Zokuqashwa Kazwelonke, ohlanganisa amayunithi okuhlela abasebenzi, izibalo zokuqashwa, imifundaze, ukuqeqeshwa kwezimboni nomsebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa nokuvuselelwa kwamakhono, ukuqeqeshwa nokwenziwa kwabasekhaya kuqala, nokukala. Uhlelo Lolwazi Ngemakethe Yezabasebenzi luhloselwe ukuhlanganisa imithetho, imibiko, izibalo, izikhala nezinsizakalo zabafuna umsebenzi endaweni eyodwa, kube nenhloso yokubika njalo ezinyangeni eziyishumi nambili. Umbiko wayo wonyaka ka-2024/25 wathola ukuthi amafomu ezikhala nabafuna umsebenzi ayengasetshenziswa kahle nokuthi uhlelo lwalungasetshenziswa ngokwanele. Abaqashi bakahulumeni, abazimele nabangenzi nzuzo bangasebenzisa izindlela ezisemthethweni zokuxhumanisa, kanye nezakhamuzi zendawo nabasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe abafanelekile. Abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe badinga ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kokufuduka nokufinyelela. Ngo-2023, abantu abangu-9,775 ababeqashiwe babezalelwe kwamanye amazwe; u-66.6% wabo wawuseManzini, u-19.4% eHhohho, u-11.4% eLubombo no-2.6% eShiselweni. ISwatini yethula Inqubomgomo Kazwelonke Yokufuduka Kwabasebenzi ngo-2025, ephathelene nokufuduka okuphephile, okuhlelekile nokusemthethweni kwabasebenzi, inhlalakahle yabafuduki, abantu abahlala kwamanye amazwe, idatha nokubambisana phakathi kweminyango nozakwethu bezenhlalakahle. Isicelo semvume yokusebenza nesemvume yesikhashana yokuhlala singadinga incwadi yomqashi, ubufakazi bokukhangiswa komsebenzi, isitifiketi samaphoyisa, iziqu, ubufakazi bezempilo namadokhumenti okubhaliswa kwenkampani. Ukuhlolwa kwezokufuduka nokwenziwa kwabasekhaya kuqala kubheka ukuthi ikhono elidingekayo alitholakali yini endaweni. Umqulu wezinsizakalo unikeza izigaba zesikhathi esiyinkomba: ukufakwa kungakapheli imizuzu engu-30, ukuhlolwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu, ukubuyekezwa yikomiti kungakapheli isonto nesinqumo kungakapheli isonto. Izimali nezindleko zidinga ukuqinisekiswa endaweni. UMnyango Wezabasebenzi Nokuvikeleka Komphakathi, Uphiko Lwezibalo Zokuqashwa Kazwelonke, iHhovisi Elikhulu Lezibalo, uMnyango Wezinkonzo Zokuqashwa Kazwelonke, uPhiko Lokuqeqeshwa Kwezimboni Nokufundela Umsebenzi, iBhodi Lokuqeqeshwa Kwezimboni Nokufundela Umsebenzi neziphathimandla zezokufuduka zengamela izingxenye ezehlukene zohlelo. Ngakho ukuhlola imakethe yezabasebenzi kuwusizo uma kuqhathaniswa isifunda, umkhakha, iziqu, uhlobo lomsebenzi, umyalelo wamaholo, indlela yokuqeqeshwa nesimo semvume yokusebenza, kunokuthembela esibalweni esisodwa sokungasebenzi.