Ukudla e-Eswatini

Cishe u-75% wemindeni yasemakhaya usebenzisa ezolimo njengesisekelo sokudla nokuziphilisa. Ukukhiqiza kuyahlukahluka phakathi kwe-Highveld, i-Middleveld, i-Lowveld ne-Lubombo plateau: ummbila, ubhontshisi, ama-cowpea nobhatata kuvamile e-Middleveld, kanti amabele amelana nesomiso, umdumbula nobhatata kubaluleke kakhulu e-Lowveld nasezindaweni zase-Lubombo. Imfuyo, inyama nobisi nakho kuyanezela ekudleni kwendawo. I-Eswatini isathembele kakhulu ekungeniseni ukudla, ikakhulukazi okuvela eNingizimu Afrika, futhi cishe u-30% wokudla ungalahleka ngemva kokuvunwa ngenxa yobuthakathaka ekuvuneni, ekuphathweni, ekugcinweni nasekuthuthweni. Ummbila uvame ukulungiswa ube yi-Liphalishi, iphalishi lommbila elithambile. Amanye amagama okudla ngesiSwati ahlanganisa i-Luphutfu, i-Incwancwa, i-Emahewu noma i-Emahewu emabele, iziphuzo ezibilisiwe ezenziwe ngommbila noma ngamabele, i-Emasi, umkhiqizo wobisi olubilisiwe, i-Umhidvo, i-Tinkhobe, i-Imbhasha, i-Emazambane, i-Tincozi ne-Buganu. Izitshulu ezenziwe ngemifino, imidumba noma inyama zivame ukuphekwa nokudla okwenziwe ngokusanhlamvu. Incwadi yokupheka yoMnyango Wezolimo ihlela izitsha ezingu-140 ngezitshulu, ukudla okusanhlamvu, izitsha eziphekwa ebhodweni elilodwa, izimpande nezilimo eziyizigaxa, ukudla okulula nezitsha eziseceleni zemifino. Ukupheka kwesintu kuhambisana nemithelela yesimanje, yase-Italy neyase-Portugal, kuhlanganise ne-Swazi braai nokudla komphakathi okwabiwe. Ukudla kutholakala ngokukhiqiza emakhaya, ezimakethe, ezitolo, kubathengisi basemgwaqweni, ezimakethe zokudla, ezindaweni zokudlela, ezindlini zezivakashi nasezinkantolo zokudla. Ezokuvakasha ezisekelwe ekudleni nasemahhotela kubonakala ezindaweni ezifana ne-Ezulwini ne-Mantenga nasezindaweni zase-Vuvulane nase-Lubombo, lapho kungatholakala khona ndawonye izidlo zasendaweni nezamazwe ngamazwe. Alukho uhlu lukazwelonke oluqinisekisiwe lwamanani ezindawo zokudlela noma lwezikhathi zokuvula; abahlinzeki ngabanye bazibekela amanani nezikhathi zabo. Amanani okudla neziphuzo ezingadakayo akhuphuka ngo-0.3% ngonyaka ngoZibandlela 2025, kanti ingxenye yezindawo zokudlela namakhofi yehla. Izindleko zasendaweni zisahlukahluka ngenxa yokungenisa ukudla, isivuno, isimo sezulu, amazinga okushintshanisa imali nezokuthutha. Isibikezelo sango-2026 sasilindele ukukhiqizwa kommbila okungamathani angaba ngu-70,000, okuyi-6% ngaphansi konyaka owandulele. I-FAO GIEWS yabikezela ukuthi abantu abangaba ngu-286,000, noma u-23% wabantu abahlaziyiweyo, bazobhekana nokungavikeleki kokudla kwe-IPC 3 noma ngaphezulu kusukela ngoMfumfu 2026 kuya kuNdasa 2027. Isimo sezulu, imvula nezingozi zesifo samatele kuthinta ukukhiqiza nokufinyelela ekudleni. Amanani athengiswa ngobuningi ommbila omhlophe waseNingizimu Afrika ayephansi ngo-33% unyaka nonyaka ngoNtulikazi 2026, kodwa amanani asendlini endawo awalandeli ngokuzenzakalela izinguquko zamazwe ngamazwe noma ezokuthengisa ngobuningi. I-Ministry of Agriculture iphethe ukwesekwa kokukhiqiza, izeluleko zokwandisa ezolimo, ukuvikeleka kokudla, ukufundisa ngokudla okunomsoco nomnotho wasekhaya. Ama-Community Extension Officers anikeza izakhamuzi izeluleko ezijwayelekile zezolimo mahhala. I-Environmental Health Department yoMnyango Wezempilo ibhekana nokuhlanzeka kokudla, ukuvimbela izifo ezitholakala ekudleni, ukuhlolwa kwezindawo zokuhweba nokuhlolwa kwenyama. I-Eswatini Standards Authority, eyaziwa nge-SWASA, ithuthukisa izindinganiso, isekela ukuqinisekiswa futhi ihlola ukudla noma imikhiqizo. Izindinganiso ezifanele zihlanganisa izinhlelo zokuphepha kokudla ezisekelwe ku-SZNS ISO 22000, imihlahlandlela ye-HACCP ngaphansi kwe-SANS 10330, imihlahlandlela yokudla okuthengiswa emgwaqweni, amalebula okudla okupakishiwe, impuphu yommbila, ubisi olungaphekiwe, inkukhu namanzi asemabhodleleni. Amabhizinisi okudla angaba nezibopho zokuhlanzeka, zamalayisensi nezokuhlolwa. Ukuqinisekiswa kwe-SWASA kuwukuzithandela futhi kusekelwe ezimakethe ngaphansi kwezinhlelo ezishicilelwe. Imithetho yokuphepha kokudla yayisalindele ukugunyazwa embikweni wonyaka woMnyango Wezempilo ka-2024/25, kanti ilabhorethri kazwelonke yokudla eyayihlelwe ngaphansi kwe-NAPHS 2026–2030 yayingakaqali ukusebenza. I-Eswatini Food Composition Table 2019 inikeza amagama okudla ngesiNgisi nangesiSwati nolwazi lokwakheka kwako. I-Food Security and Nutrition Section ikhuthaza izindlela ezisekelwe ekudleni, imfundo yokudla okunomsoco, ukulondoloza nokucubungula ukudla, kuhlanganise nokusebenzisa izithelo nemifino. Imithombo ibika ukungondleki okungamahlalakhona ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu okungaba ngu-25%, kanti i-National Development Plan ibika ukuntenga kokukhula okungaba ngu-27%. I-Eswatini inohlelo lukazwelonke lwesidlo sasemini esishisayo ezikoleni. Inkomba yemenyu yango-2022 yayisebenzisa okungenani amagremu angu-150 ommbila noma elayisi, amagremu angu-40 kabhontshisi namagremu angu-7.5 kawoyela kabhekilanga noma webhotela lamantongomane ngengane ngosuku, kodwa izindinganiso zikazwelonke ezisemthethweni zokudla okunomsoco ezikoleni zazingakaqinisekiswa ngaleso sikhathi. Usizo lwemali, lokudla nolunye lwe-WFP luhloselwe amaqembu asengozini kunokunikeza wonke umuntu inzuzo yokudla. I-Ministry of Agriculture Strategy 2024–2028 ikhuthaza ukuzimela ekudleni, ukuzanelisa okwengeziwe, izinsizakalo ezisatshalaliswe ezindaweni, imbewu ekwazi ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukunisela, ukwehlukanisa izilimo nokuthengwa kwasendaweni. Izilimo ezimelana nesomiso, ukuxhumanisa abalimi abancane nezimakethe zezikole ngohlelo lokondla izingane ngokudla kwendawo, ukuthola ukudla kwasendaweni ngezikhathi zonyaka, i-permaculture nokunciphisa imfucuza kuyizinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokusimama. Ukucubungula ukudla kungangeza inani ezithelweni zendawo ezifana ne-guava ne-marula ngokwenza ujamu, amasoso nama-chutney.