Amabhange e-Eswatini ahlinzeka ngama-akhawunti, ukonga namadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe, izinkonzo zokukhokha, amakhadi nezindlela zedijithali ezifana nokubhanga nge-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zamaselula, i-USSD ne-Mobile Money. I-Central Bank of Eswatini inikeza amabhange nabahlinzeki bezinkokhelo amalayisensi futhi iyabengamela, kanti i-Financial Services Regulatory Authority yengamela izikhungo zezimali ezingezona ezamabhange ezihlukile. Izimali zesevisi, izidingo zokufinyelela, imikhawulo yokuthengiselana nezinsiza ezitholakalayo kuncike kumhlinzeki nakumkhiqizo. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kungahlanganisa izibambiso zikahulumeni, amasheya, izikhwama ezihlanganyelwe, izikhwama zomhlalaphansi, impahla, amabhizinisi noma imisebenzi yezolimo. Lezi zinketho ziyahlukahluka ngokuthi kulula kangakanani ukukhipha imali, ubungozi, inani elincane lokutshala, ukufinyelela nokuvikelwa okulawulwayo. I-lilangeni, ebizwa ngokuthi ama-emalangeni uma isebuningi, ixhunywe neRandi laseNingizimu Afrika ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1, okuthinta indlela amanani abekwe ngamarandi aqondwa ngayo. Ezezimali zasekhaya zihlanganisa nezindleko ezivamile nezesizini. Izindlu, izinsiza zomphakathi, ukudla nezokuthutha kuvame ukudla ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali, kanti imfundo, impilo, ukuxhumana nokweseka umndeni kungangeza izibopho ezinkulu. Isabelomali esiwusizo sihlanganisa izinkokhelo zanyanga zonke, imali ebekelwa unyaka nezindleko ezivela ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela zonyaka. Izikweletu zingahlanganisa ukuboleka kwemizi, isikweletu esingakhokhiwe, ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu, ukuphoqelelwa yinkantolo, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu, ukuqothuka nezikweletu zikahulumeni. Imithetho yesikweletu sabathengi inikeza amalungelo okudalulwa kolwazi, okuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokha, izitatimende, ukukhokha isikweletu sonke nezikhalazo, kodwa ukufinyelela ngokusemthethweni ekuhlaziyweni kabusha kwesikweletu kusalinganiselwe. Ukuboleka kwemizi ikakhulu akudingi isibambiso, kanti isilinganiso esibikiwe sokukhokha isikweletu safinyelela ku-54.8% esikhathini sokubika sika-2024/25. Izintela ziyizinkokhelo eziyimpoqo ezibekwa ngumthetho. I-Eswatini Revenue Service iphethe uhlelo oluyinhloko lwentela, oluvamise ukukhokhisa intela emalini engenayo evela e-Eswatini futhi lusebenzisa unyaka wentela oqala ngo-1 kuJulayi uphele ngo-30 kuJuni. Intela yomuntu ngamunye ikhula ngokwamazinga, izinkampani ngokuvamile zikhokha intela yenkampani engu-25%, i-VAT ingu-15%, kanti intela yempahla engena ezweni incike empahleni nasendaweni eyavela kuyo. Umshwalense udlulisela izingozi ezichaziwe zomuntu, zempahla, zesibopho noma zemali engenayo kumshwalense, kukhokhwe iphrimiyamu. Imikhiqizo yesikhathi eside ihlanganisa umshwalense wokuphila, womngcwabo nowe-credit life; eyisikhathi esifushane ihlanganisa umshwalense wemoto, wempahla, wesibopho nowohambo. Amalungiselelo asemthethweni amboza ukulimala emsebenzini nokulimala okuthile emgwaqweni, kanti i-Eswatini ayikakasunguli umshwalense kazwelonke ophelele wemali engenayo uma kugula, kungasebenzi noma kukhulelwa kubelethwe. Ngakho kudingeka kuqhathaniswe izinto ezingakhaviwe, imikhawulo, amaphrimiyamu, izinqubo zokufaka izicelo nokuvikelwa okumisiwe ngaphambi kokuthembela kumshwalense.
Ezezimali e-Eswatini
Ezezimali e-Eswatini zihlanganisa ukuphatha imali ngamabhange, ukutshalwa kwezimali, izindleko zasekhaya, izikweletu, intela nomshwalense. I-Central Bank of Eswatini yengamela amabhange nabahlinzeki bezinkokhelo, kanti i-Financial Services Regulatory Authority yengamela izikhungo zezimali ezingezona ezamabhange ezihlukile. Ukuhlela izimali kufanele kubale i-lilangeni, izibopho zasekhaya, imithetho yentela, izindleko zokuboleka nokuvikelwa ezingozini ezichaziwe.
Phatha ezezimali e-Eswatini njengohlelo olulodwa oluxhumene: qinisekisa izinkokhelo zansuku zonke, lawula izindleko zasekhaya, phatha ukuboleka, khokha izintela futhi uvikeleke ezingozini ezinkulu. Qhathanisa abahlinzeki nemikhiqizo ngezindleko zesevisi, ukufinyelela, imikhawulo, ikhono lokukhipha imali, okungakhaviwe nokwenganyelwa, kunokukhetha ngegama kuphela. Gcina amarekhodi anele ukuze ubuyekeze uhlelo lapho kushintsha imali engenayo, izibopho noma imikhiqizo yezimali.
Amabhange
Amabhange eSwatini ahlinzeka ngama-akhawunti okwenziwa kwemali, ukonga namadiphozithi esikhathi esinqunyiwe, izinkonzo zokukhokha, amakhadi nokubhanga kwedijithali. IBhange Elikhulu laseSwatini linikeza amabhange nabahlinzeki bezinkokhelo amalayisensi futhi libaqondise, kuyilapho iGunya Elilawula Izinsizakalo Zezezimali liqondisa izikhungo zezezimali ezingezona amabhange. Amakhasimende angasebenzisa amagatsha, ama-ATM, ukubhanga nge-inthanethi, izinhlelo zokusebenza zeselula, izinsizakalo ze-USSD ne-Mobile Money, kodwa izimfuneko zokufinyelela, izimali nemikhawulo kuncike kumhlinzeki nasemkhiqizweni.
Ukutshala
Ukutshala imali eSwatini kusho ukubeka imali ezimpahleni ezifana nezibambiso zikahulumeni, amasheya, izimali ezihlanganyelwe, izikhwama zomhlalaphansi, izakhiwo, amabhizinisi noma ezolimo ukuze kutholakale inzuzo yemali engenayo, ukukhula, ukulondolozwa kwenani noma ukuphepha kwezezimali kwesikhathi eside. Izinketho zokutshala ezisemthethweni ziyehluka ngokuthi imali ingatholakala kalula kangakanani, ingozi, inani elincane, ukufinyelela nokuvikelwa kokulawulwa. I-Lilangeni, noma i-Emalangeni uma kuningi, ixhunywe kuRandi laseNingizimu Afrika ngesilinganiso esingu-1:1.
Izindleko
Izindleko zokuphila eSwatini zihluka kakhulu phakathi kwemizi yasemadolobheni, emaphethelweni amadolobha nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, naphakathi kwezinsiza ezisemthethweni nezinye ezingahlelekile noma ezizikhiqizelwa umuzi. Izindlu nezinsiza, ukudla nezokuthutha zinengxenye enkulu kunazo zonke ezilinganisweni zamanani abathengi, kanti imfundo, ezempilo, ezokuxhumana nokweseka umndeni kungadala izindleko ezinkulu zasekhaya. Isabelomali esinengqondo sihlanganisa izinkokhelo ezivamile zanyanga zonke nezindleko zesizini, imali ebekelwa eceleni minyaka yonke nezibopho eziqondene nomuzi.
Izikweletu
Izikweletu e-Eswatini zihlanganisa ukuboleka kwemizi, isikweletu esingakhokhiwe, ukuqoqwa kwezikweletu, ukuphoqelelwa yinkantolo, ukuhlelwa kabusha kwezikweletu, ukuhluleka ukukhokha izikweletu nezikweletu zikahulumeni. Imithetho yezikweletu zabathengi inika ababoleki amalungelo okuthola ulwazi, okuhlolwa kokukwazi ukukhokha, izitatimende, ukukhokha ngokuphelele nezikhalazo, kuyilapho ukufinyelela ekuhlolweni kabusha kwezikweletu kulinganiselwe. Isikweletu semizi ikakhulukazi asivikelwe yimpahla, kanti isilinganiso sokukhokhela izikweletu sifinyelele ku-54.8% esikhathini sokubika sika-2024/25.
Tintsela
Tintsela eSwatini yimali lephocelelwa ngumtsetfo etikwemholo, temabhizinisi, kusebentisa timphahla, lokungeniswa eveni kanye netinye tintengiselwano. I-Eswatini Revenue Service (ERS) iphatse luhlelo lolusemkhatsini, loluvame kutsela imali lephuma eSwatini futsi lusebentisa umnyaka wetintsela losukela nga-1 July kuya ku-30 June. Tintsela temholo wemuntfu tiyakhula ngekwemali layitfolako, kantsi tinkampani tivame kukhokha 25% wetintsela temholo wenkampani, i-VAT ngu-15%, nemtselo wemasiko uya ngetintfo nemvelaphi yato.
Umshwalense
Umshwalense e-Eswatini udlulisela izingozi ezithile zomuntu, zempahla, zesibopho noma zemali engenayo kumshwalense, kukhokhwa iphrimiyamu. Imakethe esemthethweni inomshwalense wesikhathi eside njengowempilo, owomngcwabo nowokuphila okuhambisana nesikweletu, nomshwalense wesikhathi esifushane njengewemoto, wempahla, wesibopho nowohambo. I-Eswatini inamalungiselelo asemthethweni okulimala emsebenzini nokulimala okuthile emgwaqweni, kodwa ayikabi nohlelo lukazwelonke oluphelele lomshwalense wemali engenayo yokugula, ukungasebenzi nokubeletha.
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