Disasters in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Disaster management in Bosnia and Herzegovina is organized across several levels of government. Responsibilities are shared among institutions in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska, Brčko District, cantons, cities, and municipalities. Civil protection is commonly called civilna zaštita. Its services help coordinate warnings, evacuations, rescue work, emergency shelters, and recovery together with firefighters, police, health services, mountain rescuers, the Red Cross, and volunteers. Flooding is one of the most important hazards, especially near rivers and streams. Heavy rain can also trigger flash floods, damage roads and bridges, interrupt electricity, and isolate smaller communities. Landslides may occur on steep or unstable ground, particularly after long or intense rain. Cracks in soil or walls, leaning trees, and sudden changes in water flow can be warning signs that require quick reporting and movement away from danger. Earthquakes cannot be predicted precisely. During strong shaking, people should protect their head, stay away from windows, and avoid lifts, while damaged buildings, falling objects, fires, and broken utility lines remain dangers afterward. Wildfires and vegetation fires become more likely during hot, dry, and windy periods. Smoke may travel far, and people should never enter a burning area or block access routes used by firefighters. Snow, ice, storms, heat, and power failures can also disrupt daily life. Rural and mountain areas may face slower access, blocked roads, or weaker mobile coverage, so households there often need stronger backup plans. Landmines and unexploded ordnance remain a special safety concern in some marked or less-used areas. People should stay on known paths, respect warning signs, never touch suspicious objects, and report them from a safe distance. Official instructions may come from different local authorities because the country has a decentralized system. Residents and visitors should learn which municipality, civil protection body, police service, and health facility cover their exact location before an emergency occurs.