ਕੰਮ ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ

ਅਫ਼ਗਾਨਿਸਤਾਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਵਿੱਚ ਤਨਖ਼ਾਹੀ ਰੁਜ਼ਗਾਰ, ਸਵੈ-ਰੁਜ਼ਗਾਰੀ, ਦਿਹਾੜੀਦਾਰੀ, ਖੇਤੀਬਾੜੀ, ਬਿਨਾਂ ਤਨਖ਼ਾਹ ਪਰਿਵਾਰਕ ਕੰਮ ਅਤੇ ਘਰ-ਆਧਾਰਿਤ ਗਤੀਵਿਧੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹਨ। ਰਸਮੀ ਨੌਕਰੀਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇਕਰਾਰਨਾਮੇ, ਮਜ਼ਦੂਰੀ, ਕੰਮ ਦੇ ਸਮੇਂ ਦੇ ਨਿਯਮ ਅਤੇ ਪੇਸ਼ੇਵਰ ਲੋੜਾਂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਜਦਕਿ ਗੈਰ-ਰਸਮੀ ਕੰਮ ਅਕਸਰ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਬੰਧਾਂ, ਸਥਾਨਕ ਮੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਸਰੋਤਾਂ 'ਤੇ ਨਿਰਭਰ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਹੁੰਚ ਅਤੇ ਕੰਮ ਦੀਆਂ ਸਥਿਤੀਆਂ ਸੂਬੇ, ਖੇਤਰ, ਲਿੰਗ, ਸਿੱਖਿਆ, ਆਵਾਜਾਈ ਦੀ ਸਮਰੱਥਾ, ਸੁਰੱਖਿਆ ਅਤੇ ਮੌਜੂਦਾ ਪ੍ਰਸ਼ਾਸਕੀ ਅਮਲ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ ਵੱਖ-ਵੱਖ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ।

Employment

Employment means contract, working time, pay, rights and duties.

Employer

In Afghanistan, an employer, کارفرما (karfarma), is the actual or legal entity that recruits workers and assumes responsibility for wages, allowances and working conditions. Formal employers include government bodies, private and joint enterprises, NGOs and foreign organisations, while much work remains informal or family-based. The legacy Labour Law No. 35/2007 sets detailed rules on contracts, working time, leave, safety and disputes, but its current consolidated wording and enforceability are not publicly verified.

Unemployment

Afghanistan has no verified nationwide unemployment registration, unemployment insurance, or unemployment benefit system. People without paid work usually rely on family and community networks, informal work, vacancy channels, humanitarian assistance, or time-limited livelihood programmes. Access depends strongly on location, funding, vulnerability, gender, mobility, and available documents.

Labor market

Afghanistan’s labor market is fragmented across formal, non-formal and informal work. Agriculture remains the largest source of employment, while construction, trade, transport, manufacturing and services provide additional opportunities. Access to work depends strongly on province, gender, education, mobility, security, documentation and access to finance.

Professions

Work in Afghanistan spans agriculture, trade, construction, transport, education, health care, public administration, technical services, ICT, humanitarian work and many other occupational groups. Afghanistan has no evidenced comprehensive, uniformly enforced register for all professions, so access usually depends on the role, sector and province rather than one national entry threshold. People commonly enter through family or community networks, self-employment, apprenticeships or on-the-job learning, while regulated roles require additional qualification checks and licensing.

Business

Entrepreneurship in Afghanistan includes preparing, creating, operating, developing, transferring and closing a self-employed activity or lasting economic organisation. Formal registration exists, but access to licensing, finance and markets remains fragmented, while many activities operate informally, from homes or through family and community networks. Registration, sector permits, tax obligations, financing, security and payment risks depend on the activity, ownership, location and target market.

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