Civil law in Taiwan

Taiwan's civil law is based mainly on the Civil Code and related special laws. It governs relationships between private parties rather than crimes prosecuted by the state. Contracts are a central part of civil law. A contract may be written, spoken, or shown by conduct, but a clear written record is safer for important deals. Common civil disputes concern unpaid money, leases, construction, sales, services, property, loans, accidents, and damage to another person's rights. The person seeking a remedy usually needs to show the agreement, the breach or harm, and the loss. Civil liability can arise from breaking a contract or from causing unlawful harm, often called a tort. Possible remedies may include payment, repair, return of property, performance of an obligation, or another order allowed by law. Family and inheritance matters are also part of Taiwan's civil law system, although they may use special procedures and documents. Marriage, divorce, parental responsibility, succession, and estate debts should be handled with particular care. Many disputes can begin with negotiation, a written demand, or court mediation. Mediation may help the parties reach an agreement without a full trial. If a case goes to court, the parties present claims, defenses, documents, testimony, and other evidence. The court decides according to the applicable law and the evidence that is accepted in the procedure. Civil claims have procedural requirements and time limits that depend on the type of claim. Because missing a deadline can destroy an otherwise reasonable claim, a person should obtain qualified advice when the amount or consequences are important.