Eswatini's political system operates under the Constitution of the Kingdom of Eswatini Act 2005. It combines the King and Cabinet with Parliament, courts, ministries, regional administration, Tinkhundla structures and urban authorities. Traditional institutions and Swazi law and custom operate alongside modern state institutions. SiSwati and English are the official languages, and the Constitution sets out fundamental rights and civic duties. Parliament has two chambers: the House of Assembly includes up to 60 elected members, while the Senate is not directly elected by the public. Elections take place through constituencies called tinkhundla, where eligible voters register in one inkhundla and vote by secret ballot for individual candidates. The Elections and Boundaries Commission administers the electoral arrangements. Understanding politics in Eswatini therefore requires looking at both how public authority is organized and how citizens choose representatives.
Politics in Eswatini
Politics in Eswatini is shaped by a constitutional kingdom that combines modern public institutions with traditional institutions and Swazi law and custom. The King, Cabinet, bicameral Parliament, courts, ministries and local authorities perform different public functions. Elections use the Tinkhundla system, in which voters choose individual constituency candidates rather than party lists.
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