Apprenticeship in San Marino

The CFP provides the main three-year pathway, known locally as the Triennio di Formazione Professionale di Base or 1. formazione. It is aimed at people who have completed lower secondary school. San Marino citizens and residents can apply, as can Italian and other foreign nationals with a residence permit; an additional authorisation from the relevant Secretary of State may be required in some cases. Applications usually begin with pre-registration around January and enrolment around July. Both legal guardians normally sign the enrolment documents for a minor. A course opens only when applications and labour-market needs support it. Current CFP profiles include Operatore Elettrico-Meccanico, Operatore Commerciale, Operatore Servizi alla Persona and Operatore della Ristorazione. The programme combines a common area with Italian, mathematics, English and physical education, subject theory, laboratory work and a company placement or other workplace practice. A final examination or Idoneità under the applicable Ordinamento can lead to a qualifica professionale or an attestato. The system can also certify basic competences where the full qualification is not completed. CFP three-year fees were not stated in the reviewed official sources; an assegnо di merito may be available, but its criteria and amount require confirmation. The apprendistato per formazione is a separate work-based arrangement. It uses an indefinite employment contract and combines paid employment with training aimed at a professional qualification, the practical application of theoretical knowledge or occupational reintegration. It can apply from completion of compulsory schooling up to age 30, including people who have been out of work for at least three continuous months and unemployed people making a substantial change of occupation. The employer reports the apprenticeship to the Ufficio del Lavoro and the CFP. A tutor is required, and the apprentice may not be assigned unrelated work. The statutory duration depends on the occupational category: six months for category 2, twelve months for category 3 and twenty-four months for category 4. The employer can request an extension of up to 50% of the initial duration. The Commissione per il Lavoro decides after receiving the CFP's opinion, which is not binding, and may arrange a workplace visit. The probation period may not exceed half of the initial apprenticeship duration. The cumulative maximum is three years, or up to five years where interruptions exceed three years. The employer must report acquired competences in writing to the apprentice, the Ufficio del Lavoro and the CFP. Pay under the applicable tariff generally rises from 70% of the final occupational wage in the first six months to 75% in the second half-year, 80% in the second year and 90% in the third year. Collective agreements can add further rules. Employers normally receive a 50% contribution exemption, or 100% for CFP graduates identified through an employer-needs survey. In a special case involving someone over 30, the rules provide for an additional 10% wage integration. This arrangement therefore combines training with an employment relationship rather than a course-only enrolment. The 2. formazione, administered mainly through the Ufficio per il Lavoro e le Politiche Attive (ULPA), offers shorter courses for people on employment lists, adults and unemployed people. It is relevant to a direct first qualification, occupational reintegration or entry into an occupation, not to general continuing education. Access, duration, fees and attendance rules depend on the course. For example, the 2026 Operatore del Verde course comprised 80 hours from September to November, allowed up to 30 participants, required at least 80% attendance and ended with a final examination and attestato. Its listed fees were a €30 administrative charge and a €150 course fee, reduced to €120 for unemployed participants on the relevant lists. San Marino therefore has formal, work-based and non-formal vocational options. The CFP programme is formal education, apprendistato per formazione is paid workplace training, and ULPA courses are non-formal provision with an organised curriculum and final assessment. No direct local qualification equivalent for purely informal learning is established in the available research. A company placement by itself is not an employment contract and does not create an independent professional qualification. Transfers from a CFP programme are normally possible until December; from January they require a compatible programme, an available place and approval by the Consiglio di Classe. An approved project is intended to integrate professional education with the Scuola Superiore from the 2027/28 school year, offering either a three-year certificate or a five-year diploma, but its implementation details and study plans still require confirmation. Recognition of CFP qualifications in Italy is addressed through a San Marino–Italy agreement on mutual recognition of study diplomas, while recognition in another country depends on the specific qualification and state.