Civil law in Iran

Iranian civil law regulates rights and duties between individuals and organizations. It covers everyday matters ranging from buying property and lending money to marriage, inheritance, and compensation for damage. The Civil Code is a major foundation of the system. Other legislation and procedural rules supplement it, while Islamic legal principles are particularly important in family, succession, ownership, and contract questions. A contract usually creates enforceable duties when legally capable parties agree on a lawful and sufficiently clear subject. Written terms are safer because they show the parties, obligations, payment, timing, guarantees, and method for resolving disputes. Property law distinguishes different forms of ownership, possession, use, and security. Real estate transactions require special care because official registration, title records, authority to sell, and third-party rights may affect the result. Family law addresses marriage, marital duties, financial rights, divorce, parentage, custody, and support. Religious status, nationality, gender, and the terms recorded in marriage documents can influence the applicable rights and procedures. Inheritance rules determine heirs and shares through a structured legal system. A will may affect part of an estate, but it does not necessarily allow a person to replace the entire statutory inheritance structure. Civil liability may arise when a person unlawfully causes loss or fails to perform a binding duty. The claimant normally needs to connect the conduct with proven harm and the remedy being requested. Civil claims usually require a properly filed petition, supporting evidence, and service on the other party. Settlement may be possible, but any agreement should identify the dispute, obligations, deadlines, and consequences of non-performance.