Criminal law in Czechia

Czech criminal law distinguishes criminal offences from less serious administrative wrongdoing. A criminal offence is commonly called a trestný čin, while other misconduct may be handled as a přestupek. The Criminal Code defines offences and sanctions. The Criminal Procedure Code governs investigation, prosecution, trial, evidence, and available challenges. Police investigate suspected offences and preserve evidence. A public prosecutor, called a státní zástupce, supervises important parts of the case and represents the public prosecution. Only a court may finally determine criminal guilt and impose a criminal sentence. An accused person is presumed innocent until guilt is lawfully established. A person questioned in connection with an offence should understand their procedural role. A witness, suspect, accused person, and victim have different rights and duties. Defence rights include access to legal assistance and protection against forced self-incrimination. In some serious or vulnerable situations, legal representation may be required. Victims may report an offence, submit evidence, request information, seek protective measures, and claim compensation within the available framework. Special support may exist for particularly vulnerable victims. Evidence can include testimony, documents, expert findings, objects, digital records, and lawful recordings. Preserving original material and its context is often more useful than creating a personal interpretation. Possible outcomes include dismissal, diversion in suitable cases, acquittal, conviction, punishment, and measures aimed at repair or supervision. The response depends on the offence, harm, responsibility, and circumstances.