Civil law in Latvia

Latvia has a civil-law system in which written legislation provides the main legal structure. The Civillikums, or Civil Law, is a central source for family, inheritance, property, and obligations. Civil law treats persons and legal entities as holders of rights and duties. Capacity, representation, guardianship, and authority to sign can determine whether an act or agreement is effective. Contracts create enforceable duties when the parties validly agree on their essential terms. Some agreements can be oral, while others require writing, notarization, registration, or another formal step. The law of obligations covers contracts and certain duties arising without a contract. A person who breaches a duty or unlawfully causes harm may face claims for performance, repayment, loss, or other civil remedies. Property law distinguishes ownership from possession and limited rights over another person's property. Land, buildings, security rights, and registered interests often require careful attention to public records and formalities. Family law addresses marriage, relationships between parents and children, maintenance, care, and division of property. The child's best interests are central in decisions affecting a child. Inheritance rules determine how rights and obligations pass after death through a will, inheritance contract, or legal order of succession. Heirs should examine both assets and debts before making decisions. Civil disputes often begin with a demand and may continue through negotiation, mediation, a notary, an authority, or a court. A favorable right still needs evidence, timely action, and an enforceable outcome.