Religion in Benin

The latest official religious statistics found come from the 2013 Population and Housing Census (RGPH-4). For the research status as of 6 September 2026, no newer official religious census was found. At that time, 48.5 percent of the population was Christian, including 25.5 percent Roman Catholic and 6.7 percent members of the Celestial Church of Christ (Église du Christianisme Céleste (ECC)). 27.7 percent was Muslim, predominantly Sunni. 11.6 percent identified with Vodun, 2.6 percent with other traditional religions, and another 2.6 percent with other religions. 5.8 percent reported no religious affiliation. Multiple affiliations between Christianity or Islam and Vodun occur. Islam is particularly widespread in the north, while Christianity is particularly widespread in the south. Benin has Catholic, evangelical, and Methodist churches, the ECC, Islamic communities, and Vodun communities. Smaller communities include Bahá'í, Baptists, Pentecostal churches, and Jehovah's Witnesses, among others. Churches, mosques, temples, and Vodun monasteries organize their religious activities independently. The state does not exercise religious guardianship over these communities. The Constitution protects the freedom to choose a faith, practice it, teach it, and express it publicly or privately. Religious acts and assemblies must respect public order and the secular nature of the state. Local authorities may impose restrictions if public peace is at risk. For religious events, the police may provide security measures upon request. A 2022 noise-control regulation specifies limits of 50 to 70 decibels, depending on the situation. Reported violations involved fines of 100,000 to 5,000,000 CFA francs and prison sentences of one to five years. Since Law No. 2025-19, associations and foundations have been subject to a national declaration and registration procedure. The Associations and Foundations Register (Registre des Associations et Fondations) has been operating since 19 December 2025. Foreign religious organizations are additionally subject to the authorization rules for foreign associations under Decree No. 2025-636. For registration of a place of worship, a birth certificate, a police clearance certificate, an application, an identity document, internal rules, and a fee of 50,000 CFA francs have been cited. A current place-of-worship-specific fee and processing period under the procedure in force since 2025 could not be conclusively established. These details should be verified with the Ministry of Interior and Public Security (Ministère de l’Intérieur et de la Sécurité publique). Unregistered facilities may be subject to closure. Nationwide religious holidays include Easter Monday, Ascension Day, Whit Monday, Assumption Day, All Saints' Day, Christmas, Eid al-Fitr, Tabaski, and Maouloud or Waouloud. 10 January is a nationwide paid public holiday for traditional religions. Muslim holidays follow the lunar calendar and are specified through annual announcements. The Vodun Days in Ouidah have been an official focus of public Vodun celebrations since 2024. The 2026 edition took place from 8 to 10 January. Public schools do not provide denominational religious instruction. Religious communities may participate in educational programs for young people. Private secular and denominational schools are possible with state authorization and oversight and may receive state support under certain conditions. The relevant institution or community determines religious instruction and admission requirements. According to the available information, there is no uniform nationwide religious qualification or standardized access fee schedule. The Religious Confessions Consultation Framework (Cadre de Concertation des Confessions Religieuses (CCCR)) was established in 2007. It brings together Vodun, Christian, Muslim, and other faith communities for dialogue, conflict prevention, peace, and coexistence. State bodies and the Constitutional Court were also involved in religion-related dialogue and peace efforts in 2025 and 2026. Ouidah is a special place for public Vodun ceremonies, while national law generally applies throughout the country. For life events, the civil level remains separate from religious celebrations. A marriage takes place before the civil registrar of the municipality (Commune) or district (Arrondissement). Both partners must be at least 18 years old and generally provide a birth certificate no more than three months old and a medical certificate, and appear in person with one adult witness each. Representation may be possible under certain conditions. The marriage certificate is issued immediately and free of charge. According to the available information, a church, Islamic, or Vodun ceremony does not replace the civil marriage. A death must be registered with the responsible authority within ten days, excluding the day of death. A medical death certificate and an identity document are required. Registration is free of charge, and the death certificate is required for burial. The religious funeral service depends on the relevant community. No uniform nationwide religious procedure or tariff has been established.